Exam 2 (philosophy)

Question 1

The essential reality of a thing or things

Answer 1

substances

Question 2

Everything that actually is, as opposed to what merely appears to be…

Answer 2

reality

Question 3

The power of the mind that allows us to choose our own actions

Answer 3

will

Question 4

In Leibniz, the simple immaterial substances that are the ultimate constituents of all reality.

Answer 4

Monads

Question 5

In plato’s metaphysics, the world we live in..

Answer 5

world of becoming

Question 6

the philosophy that demands that all knowledge… comes from experience

Answer 6

empiricism

Question 7

a physical method, used extensively G.W.F. Hegel and Karl Marx, in which contradictions are played against one another to arrive at the truth.

Answer 7

dialect

Question 8

the metaphysical view that only physical matter and its properties exist.

Answer 8

Materialism

Question 9

the study of being

Answer 9

ontology

Question 10

in plato’s metaphysics, the world of ideal forms, a world that is unchanging.

Answer 10

world of being

Question 11

the view that life is no good and ultimately serves no purpose

Answer 11

pessimism

Question 12

the metaphysical view that there is ultimately one substance, that all reality is one.

Answer 12

Monism

Question 13

“worldview”…

Answer 13

Weltanschauung

Question 14

word, reason, logic…

Answer 14

logos (greek)

Question 15

The metaphysical view that there are many distinct substances in the universe.

Answer 15

pluralism

Question 16

one of the smallest possible material bodies

Answer 16

atoms

Question 17

“to be is to be perceived”

Answer 17

subjective idealism

Question 18

the study of such questions as how the universe came into being…

Answer 18

cosmology

Question 19

the belief that all phenomena have a purpose, end or goal.

Answer 19

Teleology

Question 20

the structure of a thing, that which identifies it as a particular thing or kind of thing…

Answer 20

Forms

Question 21

“before experience”…

Answer 21

a priori

Question 22

the study of the most basic (or ‘first’) principles

Answer 22

metaphysics

Question 23

in Hegel’s philosophy, the all-embracing idea that includes the entire universe and all of humanity.

Answer 23

Spirit

Question 24

the metaphysical view that only minds and their ideas exist

Answer 24

idealism

Question 25

the metaphysical view that accepts the existence of non material entities

Answer 25

immaterialism

Question 26

the theory that a statement or belief is true if and only if it 'coheres' with a system of statements or beliefs

Answer 26

coherence theory of truth

Question 27

ideas that we are born with

Answer 27

innate ideas

Question 28

a statement that is false, but may not have been so

Answer 28

contingent falsehood

Question 29

something that cannot be otherwise and cannot be imagined to be otherwise

Answer 29

necessary truth

Question 30

truth independent of our personal opinions and demonstrably true to anyone.

Answer 30

objective truth

Question 31

in traditional rationalism, a belief that can be justified solely by appeal to reason

Answer 31

truth of reason

Question 32

a statement that is true because of the facts and knowable through experience

Answer 32

empirical truth

Question 33

the theory that a statement of belief is true if and only if it 'corresponds' to the facts

Answer 33

correspondence theory of truth

Question 34

the philosophy that is characterized by its confidence in reason and intuition in particular...

Answer 34

rationalism

Question 35

an idea that might be said to be true for the person who believes it but possibly for no one else.

Answer 35

subjective truth

Question 36

in Hume, an empirical claim, to be confirmed or falsified through experience.

Answer 36

matter of fact

Question 37

the study of human knowledge...

Answer 37

epistemology

Question 38

a true statement that could have been otherwise

Answer 38

contingent truth

Question 39

the philosophical belief that knowledge is not possible

Answer 39

skepticism

Question 40

the theory that a statement or belief is true if and only if it works.

Answer 40

pragmatic theory of truth

Question 41

who believed reality is ultimately water?

Answer 41

Thales

Question 42

Who believed reality is indefinite 'stuff'

Answer 42

Anaximander

Question 43

who believed that reality is essentially air?

Answer 43

Anaximenes

Question 44

Who believed reality is like fire?

Answer 44

Heraclitus

Question 45

who believed that reality consists of tiny atoms

Answer 45

Democritus

Question 46

Who believed reality is ultimately numbers

Answer 46

Pythagoras

Question 47

Who believed reality is unchanging and unknown to us

Answer 47

Parmenides

Question 48

Who believed reality is unchanging and motion is unreal? (paradox of the arrow)

Answer 48

Zeno of Elea

Question 49

Who believed that reality is change but with an underlying logos, or logic?

Answer 49

Heraclitus

Question 50

What are the three views of the mind?

Answer 50

Minds are... 1) ... one kind of substance 2) ... part of a substance 3) ... the only substance

Question 51

Who believed minds are one kind of substance?

Answer 51

Descartes

Question 52

who believed that minds are part of a substance

Answer 52

Spinoza

Question 53

who believed in Monads?

Answer 53

Leibniz

Question 54

Kant was an..

Answer 54

idealist

Question 55

Schopenhauer was a self proclaimed...

Answer 55

pessimist

Question 56

who wrote 'God does not play dice with the universe'?

Answer 56

Einstein

Question 57

who said, "to be is to be perceived"?

Answer 57

Berkeley

Question 58

Descartes, Spinoza, Kant, Hegel, and Leibniz are all..

Answer 58

rationalists

Question 59

Locke, Berkeley, Hume, Mill, and Russell are all...

Answer 59

empiricists

Question 60

Who said,"I think therefore I am"?

Answer 60

Descartes

Question 61

The two world theory states there are two worlds. A world of __________ and a world of ____________.

Answer 61

physical things and experience

Question 62

not many rationalists are...

Answer 62

skeptics