Exam 2 Plants... ew Flashcards
What are Charophytes? A. They share a common ancestor with land plants (closest relatives to land plants) B. A type of green algae C. The predecessor of all plants D.all the above
A. They share a common ancestor with land plants (closest relatives to land plants)
B. A type of green algae
What are the 5 key traits for in nearly all land plants? A. Alternation of generation B. Multicellular, dependent embryos C. Walled spored produced in sporangia D. Multicellular gametangia E. Apical meristems
A. Alternation of generation B. Multicellular, dependent embryos C. Walled spored produced in sporangia D. Multicellular gametangia E. Apical meristems
True or False? Alternation of generation is when a multicellular diploid sporophyte alternates with a multicellular haploid gametophyte. This is a reproductive cycle.
TRUE.
What are the functions for Alternation of Generation?
A. gametophyte generation produces haploid gametes by mitosis
B. Fusion of sperm and egg created diploid sporophyte
C. diploid sporophytes produces haploid spores by meiosis
D. Spores develop into gametophytes
E. none of the above
A. gametophyte generation produces haploid gametes by mitosis
B. Fusion of sperm and egg created diploid sporophyte
C. diploid sporophytes produces haploid spores by meiosis
D. Spores develop into gametophytes
What is Multicellular, Dependent Embryos?
A. It’s when the diploid embryo is retained within the tissue of the female gametophyte
B. Is with the sperm and egg create a diploid sporophyte
C. Is when nutrients are tranferred parent to embryo through placental transfer cells
D. Another name for Dependent Embryos is Embryophytes because it relies heavily on its parent
A. It’s when the diploid embryo is retained within the tissue of the female gametophyte
C. Is when nutrients are tranferred parent to embryo through placental transfer cells
D. Another name for Dependent Embryos is Embryophytes because it relies heavily on its parent
What is the function of Walled Spores Produced in Sporangia?
A. Sporophytes produces sporangia in organs
B. Sporocytes undergo meiosis to generate haploid spores
C. Spore walls are resistant to harsh environments because their walls contain sporopollenin
D. is when sporopollenin develops into gametophyte
A. Sporophytes produces sporangia in organs
B. Sporocytes undergo meiosis to generate haploid spores
C. Spore walls are resistant to harsh environments because their walls contain sporopollenin
What is Mullicellular Gametangia?
A. it’s when 2 gametophytes make a haploid sporophyte
B. are called gametangia when gametes are produced within organs
C. Female gametangia (archegonia) produce a single nonmotile egg
D. Male gametangia (antheridia) produce and release sperm
E. is where each egg is fertilized within an archegonium
B. are called gametangia when gametes are produced within organs
C. Female gametangia (archegonia) produce a single nonmotile egg
D. Male gametangia (antheridia) produce and release sperm
E. is where each egg is fertilized within an archegonium
True or False? Apical Meristems:
Is where plants sustain continue to grow in length by repeated cell division within the apical meristems. The cells can also differentiate into various tissues
TRUE
True or False?
A cuticle is a specialized cell for gas exchange between air outside air and plants while stomata is a wax like covering of the epidermis
FALSE
Definition: the arrangement of leaves on a stem, it is species-specific and it is important for light transfer.
Phyllotaxy
Definition: positive pressure exerted by the plasma membrane against the cell wall and the cell wall against the protoplast
Turgor Pressure
Definition: living part of cell, which also includes the plasma membrane.
Protoplast
Definition: protoplast shrinks and pulls away from the cell
Plasmolysis
Definition: transport proteins in the cell membrane that facilitate the passage of water
Aquaporins
Definition: part of the system that pulls water from shoots to roots,
Transpiration
Definition: the exudation of water droplets on tips or edges of leaves
Guttation
Definition: the ratio of total upper leaf surface over the surface area of land on which it grows…
Laymen’s terms: How big the leaf is (which means more photosynthesis) over how much upper leaves block lower leaves from reaching the sun
Leaf Area Index
Transport Route: Goes through the cell walls and extracellular space
Apoplastic
Transport Route: water and solute cross the plasma membrane then travel through the cytosol
Symplastic
Transport Route: water and solute REPEATEDLY cross the plasma membrane as they pass from cell to cell
Transmembrane
How does water flow in plants?
A. Low to high concentrations of water
B. High to low concentrations of water
B. high to low concentrations of water
Definition: Blocks apoplastic transfer of minerals from the cortex to the vascular cylinder
Endodermal Casparian Strip
Why do roots actively pump minerals into the roots
So water will follow the minerals
How do roots uptake water and minerals?
Via transpiration
How does water flow?
A. High to low water potential
B. low to high water potential
A. high to low water potential
How does Bulk flow differ from diffusion:
Hint:
there are 4 differences
A. It is driven by differences in pressure potential, not solute potential
B. It occurs in hollow dead cells, not across the membranes of living cells
C. It moves the entire solution not just water or the solute
D. It is much faster
Definition: plants adapted to arid climates (aka cacti and other desert plants)
Xerophytes
Some types of xerophytes have fleshy stems that store water or leaf modifications . What is the purpose of this adaption?
To reduce the rate of transpiration
T/F: Some desert plants complete their life cycle during the rainy season, this is an example of an adaption for Xerophytes.
true
Some plants use a specialized form of photosynthesis called crassulacean acid metabolism (CAM) in which stomatal gas exchange occurs at night. What is this an example of?
A. Xerophyte adaption
B. Euglenas Evolution
C. Xerophyte bulk transfer processes
A. Xerophyte adaption for arid climates
When was the origin of plants? A. 600 MYA B. 470 MYA C. 570 MYA D. 425 MYA
B. 470 MYA
When was the origin of vascular plants? A. 470 MYA B. 360 MYA C. 425 MYA D. 260 MYA
C. 425 MYA
When was the origin of seed plants? A. 360 MYA B. 250 MYA C. 570 MYA D. 369 MYA
A. 360 MYA
Definition: waxy covering on plant that enables the plant to retain its water
Cuticle
Definition: specialized cells that allow for gas exchange between the outside air and the plant
Stomata
Not a serious flashcard because its like one AM and im sleep deprived…..
What’s Stomata?
Nothin, what’s stomata with you?
If you don’t understand the joke, read it out loud. If you still don’t understand, I can’t help you
Why are bryophytes (non-vascular plants) limited to a small body size.
They stay small because in order to increase inn size, they need a way to transfer liquids and the like around their organ systems but can’t without some kind of vascular system.
How does the reproduction of bryophytes and seedless vascular plants depend on water.
Unlike in more evolved plants, the sperm have to travel to the egg via water surrounding and on the plants. They are not seed producing yet and thus don’t have a way to transfer their gametangia in a different manner.
