Exam 2- Plate Tectonics

Question 1

What is continental crust made out of?

Answer 1

Made of granite

Question 2

What is oceanic crust made out of?

Answer 2

Made of basalt

Question 3

Which is denser: continental or oceanic crust?

Answer 3

Oceanic crust is denser than continental

Question 4

Why does plate tectonics matter?

Answer 4

It creates the world as we know it, but as the plates move/shift, it is very destructive as well.

Question 5

how continents (and ocean crust) move

Answer 5

plate tectonics

Question 6

What is mantle convection and how does it affect the movement of continents?

Answer 6

• Mantle convection: when warm rock rises and cool rock sinks; density decreases as rock gets hotter and they rise
• Plate movement is driven by mantle convection. (Causes the inclusion of mantle material into the crust at mid-ocean ridges and recycling of crust into the mantle at subduction zones)

Question 7

What are the four basic parts of the structure of the Earth?

Answer 7

1. Crust
2. Mantle
3. Outer Core
4. Inner Core

Question 8

What is the crust?

Answer 8

On the outside, the thinnest part; it’s where we live

Question 9

What makes up the greatest thickness of the Earth and is underneath the crust?

Answer 9

Mantle

Question 10

There is more (crust/mantle) than anything else.

Answer 10

Mantle

Question 11

What is the most abundant rock type in the continental crust?

Answer 11

granite

Question 12

Without the difference in density between the two crusts, we wouldn’t have _______ _______.

Answer 12

plate tectonics

Question 13

What is the mantle? –> A (cool/hot) (solid/liquid)

Answer 13

A hot solid

Question 14

What is the hottest part of the Earth?

Answer 14

The core

Question 14

What is the mantle heated by?

Answer 14

the core

Question 15

The density of rocks in mantle convection (increases/decreases) as they get hotter and rise.

Answer 15

decreases

Question 16

What is the best evidence of movement happening within the Earth?

Answer 16

Earthquakes and volcanoes

Question 17

Tectonic plates is parts of the (crust/mantle) moving in different directions from each other.

Answer 17

crust

Question 18

What are the three possible movements at plate boundaries? Briefly describe them.

Answer 18

1. Divergent: moving apart
2. Convergent: moving together
3. Transform: moving past

Question 19

Which type of plate boundary creates new oceanic crust?

Answer 19

Divergent boundary

Question 20

T or F: All divergent boundaries are underwater.

Answer 20

False; most are, but some aren’t

Question 21

The divergent boundary is a place where the hot mantle is (rising/dropping). The _______ from below has broken the crust at a divergent boundary.

Answer 21

rising; pressure

Question 22

What makes new crust at mid-ocean ridges?

Answer 22

Volcanic eruptions

Question 23

What happens to old oceanic crust at a convergent plate boundary? Why?

Answer 23

Old oceanic crust is pushed down b/c the less dense crust goes over the denser crust (easier to make the more dense crust sink)

Question 24

At convergent boundaries, movements must be _____ or ______.

Answer 24

up or down

Question 25

When two plates collied, the (more/less) dense crust goes over the (more/less) dense crust. So, (oceanic/continental) goes over (continental/oceanic)

Answer 25

- less; more - continental; oceanic

Question 26

What happens when two oceanic crusts meet at a convergent boundary?

Answer 26

The younger oceanic crust goes over the older oceanic crust

Question 27

At an ocean-continent convergence, the mantle is (cooling/melting) and this creates _________.

Answer 27

melting; volcanoes

Question 28

T or F: Anywhere subduction is happening, there are going to be volcanoes.

Answer 28

True

Question 29

At an ocean-continent convergence, what three things can appear and why?

Answer 29

1. Volcanoes -- mantle melting 2. Earthquakes -- pressure 3. Mountains -- pressure pushes up mountains

Question 30

What happens when both plates at a convergent boundary are made of continental crust?

Answer 30

Neither continent can subduct (not dense enough), so there is no melting or volcanoes.

Question 31

What is created at continent-continent convergent boundaries?

Answer 31

BIG mountains created by pressure because continental crust is getting super thick here (ex: Himalayan Mountains)

Question 32

What is created at transform boundaries? What is not?

Answer 32

- Created: earthquakes (like San Andreas Fault) - Not created: volcanoes, mountains (because nothing is pushed up or down)