Exam 2 Power instruments & Polishing

Question 1

What are the two types of ultrasonics?

Answer 1

Piezo
Magneto

Question 2

What do sonic powered devices operate at a frequency of?

Answer 2

3,000 to 8,000

Question 3

How does the tip move on a sonic powered device?

Answer 3

Circular orbital motion

Question 4

What do Ultrasonic powered devices operate at a frequency of?

Answer 4

18,000 to 45,000

Question 5

use electrical energy to activate crystals within the handpiece to vibrate the instrument tip

Answer 5

Piezo device

Question 6

transfer electrical energy to metal stacks made of nickel–iron alloy or to a ferrous rod to vibrate the insert

Answer 6

Magneto device

Question 7

What kilohertz do our units have?

Answer 7

30k

Question 8

What are the limitations of powered instruments?

Answer 8

-Less tactile sensitivity
-Can’t be used on all patients

Question 9

Very rapid vibrations of powered working-end create microfractures in calculus deposit

Answer 9

Mechanical removal

Question 10

Constant stream of water exits near point of the working-end and is called fluid lavage

Answer 10

Water irrigation

Question 11

-Water dissipates heat caused by rapid vibrations
-Water flushes toxic products and bacteria from pocket

Answer 11

Water irrigation

Question 12

Formation of tiny bubbles when the water stream contacts the vibrating working end

Answer 12

Cavitation

Question 13

When the cavitation bubbles collapse, they produce shock waves that may alter or destroy what?

Answer 13

bacteria by tearing the cell wall

Question 14

What is another energy released round ultrasonic devices?

Answer 14

Acoustic microstreaming

Question 15

-Phenomenon is characterized by the movement of small currents in the water
-Transports the cavitation bubbles in the mouth

Answer 15

Acoustic microstreaming

Question 16

measure of how many times a powered working-end vibrates per second

Answer 16

frequency

Question 17

measure of how far the
powered working-end moves back and forth

Answer 17

Amplitude

Question 18

delivers a shorter, less
powerful stroke

Answer 18

Low amplitude

Question 19

delivers a stronger,
more powerful stroke

Answer 19

High amplitude

Question 20

What power setting should powered instruments rarely be placed above?

Answer 20

Medium power setting

Question 21

determined by combination of frequency and amplitude

Answer 21

Cleaning efficiency

Question 22

What is ideal for the removal of plaque biofilm with powered instruments?

Answer 22

Lower frequency
Lower amplitude

Question 23

What is ideal for removal of tenacious calculus deposits?

Answer 23

Higher frequency
Higher amplitude

Question 24

What working-end primarily moves in an elliptical motion?

Answer 24

Magneto working-end

Question 25

Activated by dimensional changes in crystals housed within the handpiece as electricity passes over the surface of the crystals

Answer 25

Piezo working-end

Question 26

Only working-end needs to be cooled by water to prevent over-heating

Answer 26

Piezo devices

Question 27

Handpiece and working-end should be irrigated with water to prevent over-heating

Answer 27

Magneto devices

Question 28

What require no water for cooling?

Answer 28

Sonic tips

Question 29

a bottle used to deliver distilled/treated water or other fluid solutions to the working-end

Answer 29

Independent fluid reservoir

Question 30

What are the two types of tip designs?

Answer 30

Standard Slim perio

Question 31

larger in size with shorter shank lengths

Answer 31

Standard tip

Question 32

up to 40% smaller in size with longer, more complex shanks

Answer 32

Slim perio tips

Question 33

What is tip selection based on?

Answer 33

-Extent & mode of calculus attachment -Location of deposits

Question 34

What tip removes moderate to heavy deposits above gingival margin and shallow pockets

Answer 34

Standard tip

Question 35

What tip removes light to moderate calculus deposits on anterior teeth and posterior root surfaces

Answer 35

Slim perio tip

Question 36

What tip removes biofilm and light calculus deposits

Answer 36

Round tip

Question 37

What tip removes medium- to large-sized deposits?

Answer 37

Flat lateral surface tips

Question 38

Tips coated with what are appropriate for instrumentation of dental implants

Answer 38

nonmetallic plastic or carbon material

Question 39

1 mm of wear results in approximately what percent of less efficiency

Answer 39

25%

Question 40

When should a tip be replaced?

Answer 40

2mm of wear

Question 41

What activation is used for the use of powered instruments?

Answer 41

Digital

Question 42

Where do you start to work on a deposit with powered instruments?

Answer 42

Coronal of deposit

Question 43

What type of pressure is needed for powered instrumentation?

Answer 43

Gentle

Question 44

Use a series of gentle sweeping motions over the root surface to remove what?

Answer 44

Plaque biofilm

Question 45

The portion of the instrument tip capable of doing the work

Answer 45

Active tip area

Question 46

What should never be adapted directly on a tooth surface with a powered instrument?

Answer 46

Tip

Question 47

What should be adapted with a piezo tip?

Answer 47

Lateral surfaces

Question 48

What should be adapted for a magneto tip?

Answer 48

Lateral surfaces Face Back

Question 49

List the energy dispersion of an instrument from most to least powerful

Answer 49

Point Face Back Lateral surfaces

Question 50

What should not be adapted on demineralized surfaces?

Answer 50

Face of tip

Question 51

tip is positioned with the active surface in a transverse orientation to the long axis of the tooth

Answer 51

Transverse tip orientation

Question 52

the tip is positioned with the active surface against the tooth surface

Answer 52

Vertical tip orientation

Question 53

Patients with what should not be exposed to magnetostrictive ultrasonic devices?

Answer 53

Cardiac pacemakers

Question 54

What device CAN be used on patients with cardiac pacemakers?

Answer 54

Piezo ultrasonic

Question 55

What are more susceptible to damage from the vibrations and heat produced by ultrasonic instrumentation?

Answer 55

Primary/newly erupted teeth

Question 56

What are the helpful tricks for ultrasonic use?

Answer 56

Patient assistance Cotton rolls Dry angles Short HVE Chairside assistance Pain management

Question 57

Why do we fill the ultrasonic handpiece with water?

Answer 57

Expels air bubbles

Question 58

What is used to hold a prophy cup or other attachment used for polishing the teeth?

Answer 58

Prophy angle

Question 59

What type of shank does a right-angle have?

Answer 59

Straight shank

Question 60

What type of shank does a contra-angle have?

Answer 60

Bent shank

Question 61

Substances in prophylaxis pastes that remove extrinsic stains

Answer 61

Abrasive agents

Question 62

How should the rubber cup be adapted for polishing?

Answer 62

Parallel to tooth surface

Question 63

What type of procedure is coronal polishing?

Answer 63

Cosmetic

Question 64

What type of procedure is stain removal?

Answer 64

Esthetic procedure

Question 65

A dental procedure used to maintain health or treat a disease to restore health

Answer 65

Therapeutic procedure

Question 66

Invisible airborne particles composed of debris, microorganisms, and blood propelled into the air from the oral cavity using powered instruments

Answer 66

Dental aerosols

Question 67

Airborne particles that land on people or objects

Answer 67

Splatter

Question 68

What are the most common extrinsic stains?

Answer 68

Chlorhexidine Tobacco

Question 69

What is used to hold a rubber cup or other attachment?

Answer 69

Angle

Question 70

What is air driven and attaches to the dental unit slow-speed line?

Answer 70

The handpiece

Question 71

What are three components of the polishing system?

Answer 71

Dental handpiece Prophy angle Cup attachment

Question 72

What are the clinical applications to polishing?

Answer 72

Patient education to control stain Scaling stain Polish appropriate agent

Question 73

Coronal polishing should not be done on patients with what?

Answer 73

inflamed, enlarged, and bleeding gum tissue

Question 74

term used to describe a problem brought on by something that a clinician does

Answer 74

Iatrogenic

Question 75

List examples of individuals who are susceptible to bacteremia.

Answer 75

-damaged or abnormal heart valves * prosthetic heart valve * prosthetic joint replacement * rheumatic heart disease * congenital heart disease * cardiac bypass surgery within the last 6 months * dialysis patients

Question 76

The adverse effects of coronal polishing include?

Answer 76

* Aerosol production and splatter * Creation of bacteremia * Iatrogenic damage to tooth surfaces