Exam 2 Practice Questions

Question 1

Which of the following is not a strategy used in identifying a potential reinforcer

Answer 1

selecting a stimulus that you think is reinforcing for most people

Question 2

How do the procedures of whole-interval DRO and spaced-responding DRL differ?

Answer 2

DRO reinforces the absence of behavior and DRL reinforces decreased rate of behavior

Question 3

When using a DRA procedure, the alternative behavior must

Answer 3

be functionally equivalent to the problem behavior

Question 4

The intial time interval that is selected for the DRO procedure should be

Answer 4

based on the baseline rate of the behavior

Question 5

When you are most interested in decreasing the overall rate of behavior, you should use ___ DRL, but if the timing of the behavior is most important, you should use___DRL

Answer 5

full session; spaced-responding

Question 6

How can a reinforcer for an individual be identified?`

Answer 6

ask the individual, observe the individual, test potential reinforces

Question 7

What is the result if the problem behavior occurs during the DRO interval?

Answer 7

the interval is reset

Question 8

At what point during the implementation of DRO is the time interval increased

Answer 8

when the reinforcer is being delivered after most intervals

Question 9

Mary’s parents are trying to decrease the number of times that she feeds the dog during the day. Her parents set a criterion level for the maximum number of times that she can feed the dog in a day, and if she achieves this level she gets a story read to her at bedtime. Which type of differential reinforcement is this?

Answer 9

DRL

Question 10

Tommy’s parents tell him that they will answer a question only if it has been at least 10 minutes since he asked his last. If Tommy asks a question before the 10-minute interval is up, his parents do not reinforce the behavior with an answer to his question. Which DRL variation is this.

Answer 10

spaced-responding DRL

Question 11

A parent is trying to decrease a child’s swearing behavior. For every hour that the child goes without swearing, the parent reinforces the absence of swearing by reading to the child. If the child swears, the parent does not give the child attention and the child has to wait another hour for a story. Which differential reinforcement is this?

Answer 11

DRO

Question 12

DRA involves using ___ for desirable behaviors and ___ for undesirable behaviors

Answer 12

reinforcement, extinction

Question 13

Matthew frequently screams when he wants attention from his Mom. In order to decrease Matthew’s screaming behavior, his mom does not pay attention to him when he screams. When Matthew quietly asks for attention, his behavior is reinforced with attention from his mom. Type of differential reinforcement?

Answer 13

DRA

Question 14

In order for differential reinforcement to be most effective, the desirable behavior should be reinforced

Answer 14

immediately

Question 15

Which type of differential reinforcement is most likely to lead to an increase in alternative behaviors?

Answer 15

DRA

Question 16

Nicole’s parents are trying to decrease the number of phone calls that she makes in a day. If Nicole makes fewer than 5 calls in a day, she is allowed to have a friend over the next day. In which DRL variation is the reinforcer delivered if the number of responses that occur in a time period is less than a specified level?

Answer 16

full-session DRL

Question 17

Bobby’s Mom is trying to increase the number of times that Bobby shares his toys with his younger brother. Where Bobby shares his toys, his Mom praises Bobby and plays with him, but when Bobby refuses to share his toys, his Mom does not praise him or play with him. As a result, Bobby increases the number of times he shares with his younger brother. This is

Answer 17

DRA

Question 18

When a desirable behavior results in escape or avoidance of an aversive stimulus, it is referred to as differential

Answer 18

negative reinforcement

Question 19

In order to implement DRO successfully, you need to

Answer 19

deliver the reinforcer for the absence of the problem behavior

Question 20

An extinction procedure should always be used in conjuction with

Answer 20

a reinforcement procedure

Question 21

Which of the following is recorded when using direct observation methods to conduct a functional assessment

Answer 21

behaviors, consequences, antecedents

Question 22

Which of the following is necessary in order to determine the effects of extinction

Answer 22

a baseline assessment

Question 23

You identify the reinforcer to withhold in an extinction procedure by first conducting a

Answer 23

functional assessment

Question 24

A parent is trying to decrease the frequency of a child’s swearing behavior. The parent observes the child and writes down a description of the behavior, antecedents, and consequences each time the child swears. What method of ABC observation?

Answer 24

Descriptive

Question 25

When a problem behavior is reinforced by attention, this is an example of

Answer 25

social positive reinforcement

Question 26

A problem behavior will be less resistant to extinction when it is reinfoced on a ___ schedule prior to extinction

Answer 26

continous

Question 27

The increase in the problem behavior at first when extinction is used is

Answer 27

extinction burst

Question 28

A teacher determines that Mark frequently fights with other children because his friends praise him when he fights. The teacher would like to use extinction on his behavior, but she has no control over how Mark's friends react fo fighting. Which consideration in the use of extinction is being addressed?

Answer 28

ability to eliminate reinforcer

Question 29

The use of experimental methods in conducting a functional assessment involves the manipulation of

Answer 29

consequences and antecedents

Question 30

What could be asked in an indirect functional assessment method to obtain information about the antecedents of the behavior

Answer 30

when does the behavior occur and what events precede the behavior

Question 31

if a child engages in a problem behavior in a store, the parent gives the child candy, and child is more likely to engage in problem behavior. This is

Answer 31

social positive reinforcement

Question 32

The continued change in the problem behavior following the use of extinction

Answer 32

Maintenance

Question 33

When a child diagnosed on the autism spectrum engages in repetitive tapping of his pencil and the behavior is strengthened by the sound of the pencil hitting the table, this is

Answer 33

automatic positive reinforcement

Question 34

Extinction of a behavior will be more rapid when the behavior had been reinforced on a

Answer 34

continous reinforcement schedule

Question 35

what are consideration for the use of extinction

Answer 35

can you eliminate the reinforcer for the behavior can you tolerate an extinction burst can consistency be maintained (NOT can you present the reinforcer for the behavior)

Question 37

A parent decribes to a child what she should say if a stranger asks the child to get into his car. What behavioral skills training component is this

Answer 37

Instructions

Question 38

Behavioral skills training procedures are used

Answer 38

to teach new behaviors

Question 39

BST procedures are NOT used to

Answer 39

decrease a problem behavior

Question 40

Feedback as a ___ following rehearsal of the correct behavior, and as a ___ when feedback is provided as instruction to improve performance on the next rehearsal

Answer 40

reinforcer; antecedent

Question 41

What factors increase the effectiveness of modeling

Answer 41

reinforcement of model's behavior and opportunity for imitation after observing the model

Question 42

Which behavioral skills training component functions as the behavioral aspect of a three-term contingency

Answer 42

rehearsal

Question 43

Rehearsing the behavior is an important part of behavioral skills training because it

Answer 43

demonstrates whether the learned has learned the behavior provides the chance for reinforcement provides opportunity to correct errors

Question 44

Which components of the behavioral skills training procedures is an antecedent strategy

Answer 44

intructions and modeling

Question 45

Generalization from training sessions to natural situations is more likely to occur if

Answer 45

training situations are similar to natural situation

Question 46

What procedures are used to enhance generalization following BST

Answer 46

using realistic role plays in training using real life simulations using assignments for the learner to practice skills outside the training sessions

Question 47

What are true concering the component of modeling

Answer 47

the learner must have an imitative repertoire and it may be live or symbolic

Question 48

What is not true concerning feedback

Answer 48

corrective feedback should be given first, then praise something only if you can

Question 49

When you provide a reinforcer after each response in backward and forward chaining the outcome of that response becomes a

Answer 49

conditioned reinforcer

Question 50

a complext behavior made up of a number of component behaviors occuring in a sequence is

Answer 50

behavioral chain

Question 51

Every time Mary uses her DVR to record a television show, she verbally recites each step that she must go through in order to program the DVR. This is

Answer 51

self instruction

Question 52

The individual component behaviors that occur in a behavioral chain are called

Answer 52

stimulus response components

Question 53

A researcher is going to use a behavioral chaining procedure to teach an individual with developmental disabilities to stuff brochures. The researcher first goes through the process, identifying all the individual stimulus response components in the chain. This is

Answer 53

task analysis

Question 54

In which chaining procedure is the behavioral chain completed in every trail by the learner from beginning to end

Answer 54

total task presentation

Question 55

Andrew's Mom is going to use a chaining procedure to teach Andrew all the steps to feed a puppy. If his Mom teaches him the last behavior in the chain first, and then teachers him each previous behavior, it's

Answer 55

backward chaining

Question 56

When prompting and fading are systematically applied to each component in the stimulus response chain in order to teach the entire behavior it is a

Answer 56

chaining procdeudre

Question 57

What is true concering a behavioral chain

Answer 57

each subsequent response depends on the preceding response and the entire response chain is under stimulus control (NOT each subsequent behavior is independent of the preceding response)

Question 58

Forward and backward chaining both involve

Answer 58

teaching one compponent of the behavioral chain at a time prompt and fading use of reinforcers after responses in the chain

Question 59

What are guidelines for using chaining

Answer 59

choose an appropriate chaining procedure develop a task analysis (NOT use intermittent reinforcement when training is started)

Question 60

Each step in the behavioral chain consists of a

Answer 60

discriminative stimulus and a response

Question 61

What is necessary when conducting a task analysis

Answer 61

identify all the responses necessary to perform the task identify the discriminative stimulus associated with each behavior list the individual component behaviors in the proper sequence

Question 62

In order for the behavioral chain to continue to occur, the last behavior in the chain must be

Answer 62

reinforced