Exam 2 - Presenting and Disclosing Self

Question 1

Presenting the self - impression management

Answer 1

An individual’s conscious attempt to control behaviors in order to make a desirable impression

Question 2

Presenting the self - Dramaturgy (Erving Goffman)

Answer 2

“life is drama” metaphor
-individuals play different roles as “actors” and engage in different “performance” based on six elements of the “theater.”

Question 3

Example of dramaturgy

Answer 3

You want to look appealing when you go out, but you don’t care how you look like when you’re at home

Question 4

Presenting the self - What is the 6 elements of the “theater” (dramaturgy)

Answer 4

1. The actor: the roles you play
2. The audience: the characters to whom you play
3. The stage: context of the drama
4. The script: event schemata
5. The performance: skill in performing
6. Audience reactions: feedback from those around you

Question 5

Styles and strategies of self-presentation

Answer 5

• ingratiation
• self-promotion
• intimidation

Question 6

Ingratiation (Styles and strategies of self-presentation)

Answer 6

Using strategies to appear likable

1) complimenting
2) opinion conformity
3) rendering favors

Question 7

Self-Promotion (Styles and strategies of self-presentation)

Answer 7

Using strategies to appear competent

1) self-handicapping (making external attribution)
2) sandbagging (making internal attribution)

Question 8

Intimidation (Styles and strategies of self-presentation)

Answer 8

Using strategies to appear dangerous and tough

Question 9

Personality traits (6)

Answer 9

1. Openness
2. Conscientiousness
3. Extraversion
4. Agreeableness
5. Neuroticism
6. Narcissism

Question 10

self-disclosure

Answer 10

occurs when you purposefully provide information to others about yourself that they would not learn if you did not tell them

Question 11

2 types of self-disclosure

Answer 11

1. Descriptive intimacy: descriptive self-disclosure; no judgement involve and no attitude
2. Evaluative intimacy: disclose your opinion about something; you are talking about your perception

Question 12

Social penetration theory (disclosing self)

Answer 12

It looks into the role of self-disclosure in process of relationship development.

The onion model:

• outlayer (superficial): info such as home town, age, profession
• deeper in the onion: more private and important to you

Question 13

Social penetration - types of relationships (3)

Answer 13

1) Breadth - disclosure in a broad area but all in superficial level
2) Depth - disclosure in a specific area of an individual’s life
3) Intimacy - both breadth and epth

Question 14

4 observations about relational development

Answer 14

1) Peripheral items are exchanged more frequently and sooner than private information
2) Penetration is rapid at the start but slows down as it reaches the inner layers
3) Dyadic effect: self-disclosure is reciprocal
4) Depenetraton is a gradual process of layer-by-layer withdrawal