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Pharmacology > Exam 2 Prototypes > Flashcards

Exam 2 Prototypes Flashcards

1
Q

Adrenergic bronchodilators

A

Epinephrine (beta 1 and beta 2 subq, often given in the ED)

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2
Q

Adrenergic inhaler

A

albuterol (Proventil) selective Beta 2, short acting

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3
Q

Anticholinergic for respiratory inhaler

A

ipratropium bromide (Atrovent)

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4
Q

Xanthines or “ophyllines”

A

aminophylline

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5
Q

Corticosteroids chronic use inhalers

A

flunisolide (Aerobid)

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6
Q

Corticosteroids systemic

A

prednisone/methylprednisolone

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7
Q

Mast cell stabilizers

A

cromolyn sodium (Intal)

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8
Q

Leukotriene inhibitor

A

zafirlukast (Accolate)

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9
Q

1st gen Antihistamine

A

diphenhydramine (Benadryl)

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10
Q

Decongestants prototypes

A

Phenylephrine (Neosynephrine), Pseudoephedrine (Sudafed)

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11
Q

Central acting Antitussives

A

codeine, dextromethorphan

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12
Q

Peripheral acting Antitussives

A

glycerin

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13
Q

Expectorant

A

Guaifenesin

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14
Q

Mucolytic

A

Normal saline, acetylcysteine (Mucomyst)

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15
Q

Positive Inotropic, cardiovascular

A

digoxin (Lanoxin)

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16
Q

Na channel blockers (Class IB)

A

lidocaine (Xylocaine)

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17
Q

Beta Adrenergic Blockers (Class II):

A

propranolol (Inderal)

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18
Q

K channel blockers (Class III)

A

amiodarone (Cordarone)

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19
Q

Calcium channel blockers (Class IV):

A

verapamil (Calan)

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20
Q

Nitrates

A

nitroglycerin (Nitrostat)

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21
Q

Beta-adrenergic blockers:

A

propranolol (Inderal)

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22
Q

Calcium channel blockers:

A

verapamil (Calan)

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23
Q

Thiazides

A

hydrochlorothiazide

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24
Q

Loop

A

furosemide (Lasix)

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25
Q

K+ sparing or aldosterone antagoinst:

A

spironolactone (Aldactone)

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26
Q

Osmotic diuretic

A

mannitol (Osmitrol)

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27
Q

Angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors:

A

captopril (Capoten)

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28
Q

Angiotensin II receptor blockers:

A

losartan (Cozaar)

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29
Q

Calcium channel blockers:

A

verapamil (Calan)

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30
Q

Direct acting vasodilator (anti-hypertensive)

A

hydralazine (Apresoline)

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31
Q

Centrally acting alpha 2 agonist (anti-hypertensive):

A

clonidine (Catapres)

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32
Q

Peripheral acting alpha 1 blocker (anti-hypertensive):

A

prazosin (Minipress)

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33
Q

HTN crisis:

A

sodium nitroprusside (Nitropress)

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34
Q

American Heart Association Recommendations for patients with Heart Failure meds (3):

A

ACE inhibitor + Beta-blocker + Loop or Thiazide diuretic May also add: digoxin +/or Antianginal (nitrates) +/or vasodilator: hydralazine (Apresoline)

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35
Q

Outpatient Heart Failure Treatment

A

Primacor or Inocor

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36
Q

Anticoagulants prototype

A

Heparin

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37
Q

Heparin - antidote:

A

protamine sulfate

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38
Q

Warfarin (Coumadin) – antidote:

A

vitamin K

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39
Q

Glycoprotein 11b/111a receptor antagonist:

A

tirofiban (Aggrastat)

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40
Q

Thrombolytic

A

Alteplase (Activase)

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41
Q

Alteplase (Activase) - antidote

A

amicar

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42
Q

Hyperlipidemia

A

Statins

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43
Q

Statins prototype

A

lovastatin (Mevacor)

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44
Q

Antiplatelets (4):

A
  1. ASA 2. NSAID 3. clopidogrel (Plavix) 4. Glycoprotein 11b/111a receptor antagonist: tirofiban (Aggrastat)
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45
Q

American Heart Association Recommendations for Patients with CVD (5):

A

ACE Inhibitor + Beta-blocker + ASA + Statin + nitroglycerin PRN

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46
Q

Penicillin (beta lactam ring):

A

penicillin G

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47
Q

Cephalosporins (beta lactam ring):

A

cefazolin (Kefzol)

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48
Q

antibiotics that inhibit cell wall synthesis (3):

A
  1. Penicillin (beta lactam ring): penicillin G 2. Cephalosporins (beta lactam ring): cefazolin (Kefzol) 3. Vancomycin
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49
Q

antibiotics that inhibit bacterial protein synthesis (3):

A
  1. Aminoglycosides: gentamicin 2. Macrolides: erythromycin 3. Tetracycline
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50
Q

Macrolides prototype

A

erythromycin

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51
Q

Aminoglycosides prototype

A

gentamicin

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52
Q

antibiotics that inhibit nucleic acid synthesis

A

Fluoroquinolones: ciprofloxacin (Cipro)

53
Q

Fluoroquinolones prototype

A

ciprofloxacin (Cipro)

54
Q

ANTIVIRALS

A

Acyclovir (Zovirax)

55
Q

antibiotics that inhibit metabolic pathways

A

Sulfonamides: sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim (Bactrim, Septra)

56
Q

Sulfonamides

A

sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim (Bactrim, Septra)

57
Q

4 types of Antiarrhythmics (ventricular):

A

Na channel blockers (Class IB): lidocaine (Xylocaine) Beta Adrenergic Blockers (Class II): propranolol (Inderal) K channel blockers (Class III): amiodarone (Cordarone) Calcium channel blockers (Class IV): verapamil (Calan)

58
Q

3 antianginals

A

Nitrates: nitroglycerin (Nitrostat) Beta-adrenergic blockers: propranolol (Inderal) Calcium channel blockers: verapamil (Calan)

59
Q

Diuretics (4)

A

Thiazides: hydrochlorothiazide Loop: furosemide (Lasix) K+ sparing or aldosterone antagoinst: spironolactone (Aldactone) Osmotic diuretic: mannitol (Osmitrol)

60
Q

Antihypertensives

A
  • Angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors: captopril (Capoten) - Angiotensin II receptor blockers: losartan (Cozaar) - Calcium channel blockers: verapamil (Calan) - Beta-blocker: propranolol (Inderal) - Direct acting vasodilator: hydralazine (Apresoline) - Centrally acting alpha 2 agonist: clonidine (Catapres) - Peripheral acting alpha 1 blocker: prazosin (Minipress) - HTN crisis: sodium nitroprusside (Nitropress)
61
Q

While taking the diuretic furosemide (Lasix), patients need to have their serum electrolytes monitored to detect: A. Hypokalemia. B. Hyperkalemia. C. Hypercalcemia. D. Hyponatremia.

A

A. Hypokalemia – loop diuretics can cause a decrease in K levels

62
Q

Patients on Sulfa drugs should be encouraged to: Drink small amounts of water. Drink large amounts of water. Take it without regard to meals. Take it with milk products.

A

Drink large amounts of water. (to prevent crystal formation in the kidneys)

63
Q

Which of the following factors predispose a patient to infection? Complete bed rest Hypotension Normal bacteria flora in the colon Angina

A

Complete bed rest – changes the breathing pattern and makes them at higher risk for pneumonia and skin breakdown

64
Q

Your patient has a mixed infection and is receiving cefazolin, a cephalosporin, and gentamicin, an aminoglycoside antibiotic. To minimize adverse effects, which lab test should be closely monitored? Calcium Potassium Creatinine Sodium

A

Creatinine – Creatinine is the most reliable test of kidney function. As this lab value rises it is correlated with increasing damage to the kidney.

65
Q

What is the purpose of dysrhythmic drugs? To change the flow of blood through the heart. To substitute for implantable cardiac defibrillators. To prevent, suppress, or treat a disturbance in cardiac rhythm. To increase or decrease the contractility of the heart muscle.

A

To prevent, suppress, or treat a disturbance in cardiac rhythm.

66
Q

Your patient is receiving alteplase (Activase). She complains of abdominal pain and vomits 100 mL of dark coffee ground emesis. Her BP has dropped to 80/40 mmHg. You should anticipate the administration of which of the following drugs? Protamine sulfate Vitamin K Amicar Narcan

A

Amicar

67
Q

Your patient takes a statin, Zocor, for hypercholesteremia. She has a history of alcohol and drug abuse. Which of the following interventions would be appropriate for her? Baseline and serial liver function tests Monthly CBC Monthly urine drug screen Baseline renal function tests

A

Baseline and serial liver function tests

68
Q

The difference between Heparin and Activase is that: (A) Heparin requires an unsafe dose to dissolve clots (B) Heparin dissolves clots whereas Activase prevents further clot formation (C) Heparin prevents further clot formation whereas Activase dissolves clots (D) Activase decreases the risk of hemorrhage during therapy

A

(C) Heparin prevents further clot formation whereas Activase dissolves clots

69
Q

Your patient is being prescribed a statin, Mevacor. Patient teaching should include to contact the health care provider immediately for: Severe muscle pain. Diarrhea. Intermittent headaches. Nausea.

A

Severe muscle pain – Rhadomyolysis, a serious adverse drug effect

70
Q

Epinephrine (beta 1 and beta 2 subq, often given in the ED)

A

Adrenergic bronchodilators

71
Q

albuterol (Proventil) selective Beta 2, short acting

A

Adrenergic inhaler

72
Q

ipratropium bromide (Atrovent)

A

Anticholinergic for respiratory inhaler

73
Q

aminophylline

A

Xanthines or “ophyllines”

74
Q

flunisolide (Aerobid)

A

Corticosteroids chronic use inhalers

75
Q

prednisone/methylprednisolone

A

Corticosteroids systemic

76
Q

cromolyn sodium (Intal)

A

Mast cell stabilizers

77
Q

zafirlukast (Accolate)

A

Leukotriene inhibitor

78
Q

diphenhydramine (Benadryl)

A

1st gen Antihistamine

79
Q

Phenylephrine (Neosynephrine), Pseudoephedrine (Sudafed)

A

Decongestants prototypes

80
Q

codeine, dextromethorphan

A

Central acting Antitussives

81
Q

glycerin

A

Peripheral acting Antitussives

82
Q

Guaifenesin

A

Expectorant

83
Q

Normal saline, acetylcysteine (Mucomyst)

A

Mucolytic

84
Q

digoxin (Lanoxin)

A

Positive Inotropic, cardiovascular

85
Q

lidocaine (Xylocaine)

A

Na channel blockers (Class IB)

86
Q

propranolol (Inderal)

A

Beta Adrenergic Blockers (Class II):

87
Q

amiodarone (Cordarone)

A

K channel blockers (Class III)

88
Q

verapamil (Calan)

A

Calcium channel blockers (Class IV):

89
Q

nitroglycerin (Nitrostat)

A

Nitrates

90
Q

propranolol (Inderal)

A

Beta-adrenergic blockers:

91
Q

verapamil (Calan)

A

Calcium channel blockers:

92
Q

hydrochlorothiazide

A

Thiazides

93
Q

furosemide (Lasix)

A

Loop

94
Q

spironolactone (Aldactone)

A

K+ sparing or aldosterone antagoinst:

95
Q

mannitol (Osmitrol)

A

Osmotic diuretic

96
Q

captopril (Capoten)

A

Angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors:

97
Q

losartan (Cozaar)

A

Angiotensin II receptor blockers:

98
Q

verapamil (Calan)

A

Calcium channel blockers:

99
Q

hydralazine (Apresoline)

A

Direct acting vasodilator (anti-hypertensive)

100
Q

clonidine (Catapres)

A

Centrally acting alpha 2 agonist (anti-hypertensive):

101
Q

prazosin (Minipress)

A

Peripheral acting alpha 1 blocker (anti-hypertensive):

102
Q

sodium nitroprusside (Nitropress)

A

HTN crisis:

103
Q

ACE inhibitor + Beta-blocker + Loop or Thiazide diuretic May also add: digoxin +/or Antianginal (nitrates) +/or vasodilator: hydralazine (Apresoline)

A

American Heart Association Recommendations for patients with Heart Failure meds (3):

104
Q

Primacor or Inocor

A

Outpatient Heart Failure Treatment

105
Q

Heparin

A

Anticoagulants prototype

106
Q

protamine sulfate

A

Heparin - antidote:

107
Q

vitamin K

A

Warfarin (Coumadin) – antidote:

108
Q

tirofiban (Aggrastat)

A

Glycoprotein 11b/111a receptor antagonist:

109
Q

Alteplase (Activase)

A

Thrombolytic

110
Q

amicar

A

Alteplase (Activase) - antidote

111
Q

Statins

A

Hyperlipidemia

112
Q

lovastatin (Mevacor)

A

Statins prototype

113
Q
  1. ASA 2. NSAID 3. clopidogrel (Plavix) 4. Glycoprotein 11b/111a receptor antagonist: tirofiban (Aggrastat)
A

Antiplatelets (4):

114
Q

ACE Inhibitor + Beta-blocker + ASA + Statin + nitroglycerin PRN

A

American Heart Association Recommendations for Patients with CVD (5):

115
Q

penicillin G

A

Penicillin (beta lactam ring):

116
Q

cefazolin (Kefzol)

A

Cephalosporins (beta lactam ring):

117
Q
  1. Penicillin (beta lactam ring): penicillin G 2. Cephalosporins (beta lactam ring): cefazolin (Kefzol) 3. Vancomycin
A

antibiotics that inhibit cell wall synthesis (3):

118
Q
  1. Aminoglycosides: gentamicin 2. Macrolides: erythromycin 3. Tetracycline
A

antibiotics that inhibit bacterial protein synthesis (3):

119
Q

erythromycin

A

Macrolides prototype

120
Q

gentamicin

A

Aminoglycosides prototype

121
Q

Fluoroquinolones: ciprofloxacin (Cipro)

A

antibiotics that inhibit nucleic acid synthesis

122
Q

ciprofloxacin (Cipro)

A

Fluoroquinolones prototype

123
Q

Acyclovir (Zovirax)

A

ANTIVIRALS

124
Q

Sulfonamides: sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim (Bactrim, Septra)

A

antibiotics that inhibit metabolic pathways

125
Q

sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim (Bactrim, Septra)

A

Sulfonamides

126
Q

Na channel blockers (Class IB): lidocaine (Xylocaine) Beta Adrenergic Blockers (Class II): propranolol (Inderal) K channel blockers (Class III): amiodarone (Cordarone) Calcium channel blockers (Class IV): verapamil (Calan)

A

4 types of Antiarrhythmics (ventricular):

127
Q

Nitrates: nitroglycerin (Nitrostat) Beta-adrenergic blockers: propranolol (Inderal) Calcium channel blockers: verapamil (Calan)

A

3 antianginals

128
Q

Thiazides: hydrochlorothiazide Loop: furosemide (Lasix) K+ sparing or aldosterone antagoinst: spironolactone (Aldactone) Osmotic diuretic: mannitol (Osmitrol)

A

Diuretics (4)

129
Q
  • Angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors: captopril (Capoten) - Angiotensin II receptor blockers: losartan (Cozaar) - Calcium channel blockers: verapamil (Calan) - Beta-blocker: propranolol (Inderal) - Direct acting vasodilator: hydralazine (Apresoline) - Centrally acting alpha 2 agonist: clonidine (Catapres) - Peripheral acting alpha 1 blocker: prazosin (Minipress) - HTN crisis: sodium nitroprusside (Nitropress)
A

Antihypertensives

Pharmacology (6 decks)

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