Exam 2 Prototypes Flashcards
1
Q
Adrenergic bronchodilators
A
Epinephrine (beta 1 and beta 2 subq, often given in the ED)
2
Q
Adrenergic inhaler
A
albuterol (Proventil) selective Beta 2, short acting
3
Q
Anticholinergic for respiratory inhaler
A
ipratropium bromide (Atrovent)
4
Q
Xanthines or “ophyllines”
A
aminophylline
5
Q
Corticosteroids chronic use inhalers
A
flunisolide (Aerobid)
6
Q
Corticosteroids systemic
A
prednisone/methylprednisolone
7
Q
Mast cell stabilizers
A
cromolyn sodium (Intal)
8
Q
Leukotriene inhibitor
A
zafirlukast (Accolate)
9
Q
1st gen Antihistamine
A
diphenhydramine (Benadryl)
10
Q
Decongestants prototypes
A
Phenylephrine (Neosynephrine), Pseudoephedrine (Sudafed)
11
Q
Central acting Antitussives
A
codeine, dextromethorphan
12
Q
Peripheral acting Antitussives
A
glycerin
13
Q
Expectorant
A
Guaifenesin
14
Q
Mucolytic
A
Normal saline, acetylcysteine (Mucomyst)
15
Q
Positive Inotropic, cardiovascular
A
digoxin (Lanoxin)
16
Q
Na channel blockers (Class IB)
A
lidocaine (Xylocaine)
17
Q
Beta Adrenergic Blockers (Class II):
A
propranolol (Inderal)
18
Q
K channel blockers (Class III)
A
amiodarone (Cordarone)
19
Q
Calcium channel blockers (Class IV):
A
verapamil (Calan)
20
Q
Nitrates
A
nitroglycerin (Nitrostat)
21
Q
Beta-adrenergic blockers:
A
propranolol (Inderal)
22
Q
Calcium channel blockers:
A
verapamil (Calan)
23
Q
Thiazides
A
hydrochlorothiazide
24
Q
Loop
A
furosemide (Lasix)
25
K+ sparing or aldosterone antagoinst:
spironolactone (Aldactone)
26
Osmotic diuretic
mannitol (Osmitrol)
27
Angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors:
captopril (Capoten)
28
Angiotensin II receptor blockers:
losartan (Cozaar)
29
Calcium channel blockers:
verapamil (Calan)
30
Direct acting vasodilator (anti-hypertensive)
hydralazine (Apresoline)
31
Centrally acting alpha 2 agonist (anti-hypertensive):
clonidine (Catapres)
32
Peripheral acting alpha 1 blocker (anti-hypertensive):
prazosin (Minipress)
33
HTN crisis:
sodium nitroprusside (Nitropress)
34
American Heart Association Recommendations for patients with Heart Failure meds (3):
ACE inhibitor + Beta-blocker + Loop or Thiazide diuretic May also add: digoxin +/or Antianginal (nitrates) +/or vasodilator: hydralazine (Apresoline)
35
Outpatient Heart Failure Treatment
Primacor or Inocor
36
Anticoagulants prototype
Heparin
37
Heparin - antidote:
protamine sulfate
38
Warfarin (Coumadin) – antidote:
vitamin K
39
Glycoprotein 11b/111a receptor antagonist:
tirofiban (Aggrastat)
40
Thrombolytic
Alteplase (Activase)
41
Alteplase (Activase) - antidote
amicar
42
Hyperlipidemia
Statins
43
Statins prototype
lovastatin (Mevacor)
44
Antiplatelets (4):
1. ASA 2. NSAID 3. clopidogrel (Plavix) 4. Glycoprotein 11b/111a receptor antagonist: tirofiban (Aggrastat)
45
American Heart Association Recommendations for Patients with CVD (5):
ACE Inhibitor + Beta-blocker + ASA + Statin + nitroglycerin PRN
46
Penicillin (beta lactam ring):
penicillin G
47
Cephalosporins (beta lactam ring):
cefazolin (Kefzol)
48
antibiotics that inhibit cell wall synthesis (3):
1. Penicillin (beta lactam ring): penicillin G 2. Cephalosporins (beta lactam ring): cefazolin (Kefzol) 3. Vancomycin
49
antibiotics that inhibit bacterial protein synthesis (3):
1. Aminoglycosides: gentamicin 2. Macrolides: erythromycin 3. Tetracycline
50
Macrolides prototype
erythromycin
51
Aminoglycosides prototype
gentamicin
52
antibiotics that inhibit nucleic acid synthesis
Fluoroquinolones: ciprofloxacin (Cipro)
53
Fluoroquinolones prototype
ciprofloxacin (Cipro)
54
ANTIVIRALS
Acyclovir (Zovirax)
55
antibiotics that inhibit metabolic pathways
Sulfonamides: sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim (Bactrim, Septra)
56
Sulfonamides
sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim (Bactrim, Septra)
57
4 types of Antiarrhythmics (ventricular):
Na channel blockers (Class IB): lidocaine (Xylocaine) Beta Adrenergic Blockers (Class II): propranolol (Inderal) K channel blockers (Class III): amiodarone (Cordarone) Calcium channel blockers (Class IV): verapamil (Calan)
58
3 antianginals
Nitrates: nitroglycerin (Nitrostat) Beta-adrenergic blockers: propranolol (Inderal) Calcium channel blockers: verapamil (Calan)
59
Diuretics (4)
Thiazides: hydrochlorothiazide Loop: furosemide (Lasix) K+ sparing or aldosterone antagoinst: spironolactone (Aldactone) Osmotic diuretic: mannitol (Osmitrol)
60
Antihypertensives
- Angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors: captopril (Capoten) - Angiotensin II receptor blockers: losartan (Cozaar) - Calcium channel blockers: verapamil (Calan) - Beta-blocker: propranolol (Inderal) - Direct acting vasodilator: hydralazine (Apresoline) - Centrally acting alpha 2 agonist: clonidine (Catapres) - Peripheral acting alpha 1 blocker: prazosin (Minipress) - HTN crisis: sodium nitroprusside (Nitropress)
61
While taking the diuretic furosemide (Lasix), patients need to have their serum electrolytes monitored to detect: A. Hypokalemia. B. Hyperkalemia. C. Hypercalcemia. D. Hyponatremia.
A. Hypokalemia -- loop diuretics can cause a decrease in K levels
62
Patients on Sulfa drugs should be encouraged to: Drink small amounts of water. Drink large amounts of water. Take it without regard to meals. Take it with milk products.
Drink large amounts of water. (to prevent crystal formation in the kidneys)
63
Which of the following factors predispose a patient to infection? Complete bed rest Hypotension Normal bacteria flora in the colon Angina
Complete bed rest -- changes the breathing pattern and makes them at higher risk for pneumonia and skin breakdown
64
Your patient has a mixed infection and is receiving cefazolin, a cephalosporin, and gentamicin, an aminoglycoside antibiotic. To minimize adverse effects, which lab test should be closely monitored? Calcium Potassium Creatinine Sodium
Creatinine -- Creatinine is the most reliable test of kidney function. As this lab value rises it is correlated with increasing damage to the kidney.
65
What is the purpose of dysrhythmic drugs? To change the flow of blood through the heart. To substitute for implantable cardiac defibrillators. To prevent, suppress, or treat a disturbance in cardiac rhythm. To increase or decrease the contractility of the heart muscle.
To prevent, suppress, or treat a disturbance in cardiac rhythm.
66
Your patient is receiving alteplase (Activase). She complains of abdominal pain and vomits 100 mL of dark coffee ground emesis. Her BP has dropped to 80/40 mmHg. You should anticipate the administration of which of the following drugs? Protamine sulfate Vitamin K Amicar Narcan
Amicar
67
Your patient takes a statin, Zocor, for hypercholesteremia. She has a history of alcohol and drug abuse. Which of the following interventions would be appropriate for her? Baseline and serial liver function tests Monthly CBC Monthly urine drug screen Baseline renal function tests
Baseline and serial liver function tests
68
The difference between Heparin and Activase is that: (A) Heparin requires an unsafe dose to dissolve clots (B) Heparin dissolves clots whereas Activase prevents further clot formation (C) Heparin prevents further clot formation whereas Activase dissolves clots (D) Activase decreases the risk of hemorrhage during therapy
(C) Heparin prevents further clot formation whereas Activase dissolves clots
69
Your patient is being prescribed a statin, Mevacor. Patient teaching should include to contact the health care provider immediately for: Severe muscle pain. Diarrhea. Intermittent headaches. Nausea.
Severe muscle pain -- Rhadomyolysis, a serious adverse drug effect
70
Epinephrine (beta 1 and beta 2 subq, often given in the ED)
Adrenergic bronchodilators
71
albuterol (Proventil) selective Beta 2, short acting
Adrenergic inhaler
72
ipratropium bromide (Atrovent)
Anticholinergic for respiratory inhaler
73
aminophylline
Xanthines or "ophyllines"
74
flunisolide (Aerobid)
Corticosteroids chronic use inhalers
75
prednisone/methylprednisolone
Corticosteroids systemic
76
cromolyn sodium (Intal)
Mast cell stabilizers
77
zafirlukast (Accolate)
Leukotriene inhibitor
78
diphenhydramine (Benadryl)
1st gen Antihistamine
79
Phenylephrine (Neosynephrine), Pseudoephedrine (Sudafed)
Decongestants prototypes
80
codeine, dextromethorphan
Central acting Antitussives
81
glycerin
Peripheral acting Antitussives
82
Guaifenesin
Expectorant
83
Normal saline, acetylcysteine (Mucomyst)
Mucolytic
84
digoxin (Lanoxin)
Positive Inotropic, cardiovascular
85
lidocaine (Xylocaine)
Na channel blockers (Class IB)
86
propranolol (Inderal)
Beta Adrenergic Blockers (Class II):
87
amiodarone (Cordarone)
K channel blockers (Class III)
88
verapamil (Calan)
Calcium channel blockers (Class IV):
89
nitroglycerin (Nitrostat)
Nitrates
90
propranolol (Inderal)
Beta-adrenergic blockers:
91
verapamil (Calan)
Calcium channel blockers:
92
hydrochlorothiazide
Thiazides
93
furosemide (Lasix)
Loop
94
spironolactone (Aldactone)
K+ sparing or aldosterone antagoinst:
95
mannitol (Osmitrol)
Osmotic diuretic
96
captopril (Capoten)
Angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors:
97
losartan (Cozaar)
Angiotensin II receptor blockers:
98
verapamil (Calan)
Calcium channel blockers:
99
hydralazine (Apresoline)
Direct acting vasodilator (anti-hypertensive)
100
clonidine (Catapres)
Centrally acting alpha 2 agonist (anti-hypertensive):
101
prazosin (Minipress)
Peripheral acting alpha 1 blocker (anti-hypertensive):
102
sodium nitroprusside (Nitropress)
HTN crisis:
103
ACE inhibitor + Beta-blocker + Loop or Thiazide diuretic May also add: digoxin +/or Antianginal (nitrates) +/or vasodilator: hydralazine (Apresoline)
American Heart Association Recommendations for patients with Heart Failure meds (3):
104
Primacor or Inocor
Outpatient Heart Failure Treatment
105
Heparin
Anticoagulants prototype
106
protamine sulfate
Heparin - antidote:
107
vitamin K
Warfarin (Coumadin) – antidote:
108
tirofiban (Aggrastat)
Glycoprotein 11b/111a receptor antagonist:
109
Alteplase (Activase)
Thrombolytic
110
amicar
Alteplase (Activase) - antidote
111
Statins
Hyperlipidemia
112
lovastatin (Mevacor)
Statins prototype
113
1. ASA 2. NSAID 3. clopidogrel (Plavix) 4. Glycoprotein 11b/111a receptor antagonist: tirofiban (Aggrastat)
Antiplatelets (4):
114
ACE Inhibitor + Beta-blocker + ASA + Statin + nitroglycerin PRN
American Heart Association Recommendations for Patients with CVD (5):
115
penicillin G
Penicillin (beta lactam ring):
116
cefazolin (Kefzol)
Cephalosporins (beta lactam ring):
117
1. Penicillin (beta lactam ring): penicillin G 2. Cephalosporins (beta lactam ring): cefazolin (Kefzol) 3. Vancomycin
antibiotics that inhibit cell wall synthesis (3):
118
1. Aminoglycosides: gentamicin 2. Macrolides: erythromycin 3. Tetracycline
antibiotics that inhibit bacterial protein synthesis (3):
119
erythromycin
Macrolides prototype
120
gentamicin
Aminoglycosides prototype
121
Fluoroquinolones: ciprofloxacin (Cipro)
antibiotics that inhibit nucleic acid synthesis
122
ciprofloxacin (Cipro)
Fluoroquinolones prototype
123
Acyclovir (Zovirax)
ANTIVIRALS
124
Sulfonamides: sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim (Bactrim, Septra)
antibiotics that inhibit metabolic pathways
125
sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim (Bactrim, Septra)
Sulfonamides
126
Na channel blockers (Class IB): lidocaine (Xylocaine) Beta Adrenergic Blockers (Class II): propranolol (Inderal) K channel blockers (Class III): amiodarone (Cordarone) Calcium channel blockers (Class IV): verapamil (Calan)
4 types of Antiarrhythmics (ventricular):
127
Nitrates: nitroglycerin (Nitrostat) Beta-adrenergic blockers: propranolol (Inderal) Calcium channel blockers: verapamil (Calan)
3 antianginals
128
Thiazides: hydrochlorothiazide Loop: furosemide (Lasix) K+ sparing or aldosterone antagoinst: spironolactone (Aldactone) Osmotic diuretic: mannitol (Osmitrol)
Diuretics (4)
129
- Angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors: captopril (Capoten) - Angiotensin II receptor blockers: losartan (Cozaar) - Calcium channel blockers: verapamil (Calan) - Beta-blocker: propranolol (Inderal) - Direct acting vasodilator: hydralazine (Apresoline) - Centrally acting alpha 2 agonist: clonidine (Catapres) - Peripheral acting alpha 1 blocker: prazosin (Minipress) - HTN crisis: sodium nitroprusside (Nitropress)
Antihypertensives
