Exam 2: Quantitative Methods, Qualitative Methods, Socialization

Question 1

four labels of measurement

Answer 1

• nominal
• ordinal
• interval
• ratio

Question 2

nominal data

Answer 2

verbal category label with no direction or magnitude (e.g. race)

Question 3

ordinal data

Answer 3

inherent order to categories but no magnitude (e.g. highest education completed)

Question 4

interval-ratio data

Answer 4

numbers that mean things and the distance between numbers is meaningful (e.g. scale from 1 to 10)

Question 5

descriptive statistics

Answer 5

ways to summarize a dataset

Question 6

inferential statistics

Answer 6

ways to use sample data to draw conclusions about a larger population

Question 7

deductive research

Answer 7

start with theory and use research to test theory

Question 8

inductive research

Answer 8

start with data collection and then develop theory

Question 9

abductive research

Answer 9

read a lot, identify surprises in the data, develop theory to explain surprises

Question 10

three features of qualitative research

Answer 10

• no hypothesis
• not focused on cause/effect
• multiple truths (interpretivist, non-positivist)

Question 11

five ways to collect data

Answer 11

• photos
• ethnography/participant observation
• documents
• interviews
• social media interactions

Question 12

five characteristics of research questions for interview studies

Answer 12

• not focused on cause and effect
• answer is not yet known
• narrow enough to be examined in one study
• does not ask the interviewee to do any analysis

Question 13

Charles Cooley

Answer 13

the “self” emerges from our ability to imagine how others see us

Question 14

George Herbert Mead

Answer 14

The self is not present at birth, it emerges over time from external interactions and internal feelings about oneself

Question 15

total institution

Answer 15

an institution in which people are totally immersed and that controls all the basics of day-to-day life