Exam 2 Questions Flashcards
Tetrapods (birds, mammals, amphibians) have two circuits within their circulatory system. The one that pushes blood throughout the lungs is called the:
pulmonary circuit
What is the sequence of the muscle structures from largest, most inclusive, to smallest?
muscle, fascicle, muscle fiber, myofibiril, thick filament
In order for high force cross bridges to form in contracting skeletal muscle, calcium must:
bind to troponin which moves the tropomyosin
ECGs
A. provide direct information about the heart function
B. are most useful in diagnosing heart murmurs
C. show the summed electrical potentials generated by all cells of the heart
D. have two major components: waves and nodes
E. measure mechanical activity of the heart
C. show the summed electrical potentials generated by all cells of the heart
What is not a characteristic of insect (arthropod) hearts?
The pacemaker cells in an insect heart are very similar to those in a mammalian heart
Females of some parasitic wasps exhibit “calling behavior” while still within the cocoon. They are expectantly greeted by males as soon as the eclose (come out of tehir cocoon as sexually mature adult wasps). What type of chemical signal is described?
pheromone
a vertebrate hormone involved in water and electrolyte balance in the body would be:
aldosterone
a person whose anterior pituitary could not mace ACTH would probably have:
higher than normal levels of CRH and lower than normal levels of cortisol
production of this hormone from the adrenal medulla is under the control of negative feedback on the nervous system:
norepinephrine
Which of the following effects would you expect to result from severing the bundle of His?
the ventricles would not contract normally.
Which of the following statements about oxytocin is true?
A. involved with the stress response and pair bonding
B. oxytocin is synthesized in the hypothalamus
C. Oxytocin is secreted by the anterior pituitary gland
D. both choices A and B
E. All of the choices are true
D. both choices A and B
The term that describes the volume of blood circulated by the heart in one minute is:
cardiac output (CO)
According to the sliding filament mechanism, during a muscle contraction, myosin pulls actin filaments towards the center fo a sarcomere, causing the entire sarcomere to shorten
A. True
B. False
A. True
The main difference beteween the modes of action of peptide hormones and steroid hormones is that…
peptide hormones bind to receptors on the cell surface whereas steroid hormones bind to intracellular receptors
Which of the following is composed of myosin protein:
A. thick filaments
B. thin filaments
C. all myofilaments
D. Z discs
E. both A and D
A. thick filaments
Which gland secretes a hormone that decreases osteoclast (bone destroying cells) activity?
thyroid
The relaxation of skeletal muscle relies on the activity of the ________, which deceases cytoplasmic calcium concentration.
Ca2+ ATPase
Which of the following is least likely to cause increased activity by the thyroid gland?
A. increased levels of TRH
B. increased levels of TSH
C. Low body temp
D. iodine deficiency
E. Injection of T3 and T4 into the blood
E. Injection of T3 and T4 into the blood
among all animal taxa, what is NOT one of the essential components of a circulatory system?
oxygen
exocrine secretions are used
A. to digest food
B. to communicate between different animals
C. in trapping prey
D. all of the above
D. all of the above
Chronological sequence of action potentials:
1.
2.
3.
4.
- Acetylcholine binds to receptors on the motor end plate
- End plate potentials trigger action potentials
- Transverse tubules convey potentials to the interior of the cell
- Ca2+ is released from the sarcoplasmic reticulum
Which endocrine organs are alike in having two distinct parts, one of neural origin and the other of glandular epithelium?
pituitary and adrenal glands
as ATP binds to the myosin head at the beginning of a muscle contraction cycle, the myosin head immediately:
detaches from actin
action potentials in the SA node of the heart would not occur without:
the SA node depolarizes spontaneously, without the need for external stimulation
