Exam 2- Quiz Questions Flashcards
(224 cards)
1
Q
What ossesous parts form the typical cervical vertebra transverse processes?
A
Costal element, anterior tubercle, costotransverse bar, posterior tubercle, true transverse process
2
Q
What muscles will attach to the anterior tubercle of a typical cervical vertebra ?
A
Anterior scalene, longus capitis, longus colli, anterior intertransversarii
3
Q
What muscles may attach to the posterior tubercle of a typical cervical vertebra ?
A
Splenius cervicis, iliocostalis cervicis, longissimus cervicis, levator scapula, middle scalene, rotators, and posterior intertransversarii
4
Q
What muscles will attach to the costotransverse bar?
A
Middle scalene and posterior intertransversarii
5
Q
What produces the primary tension on the transverse process that will cause remodeling in the anterolateral and inferior directions ?
A
Cervical spinal nerves as they are directed anteriorlaterally and inferiorly to form the cervical and brachial plexus
6
Q
What is the orientation and angulation of a typical cervical transverse process?
A
60 degrees anterolaterally (from the midsagittal plane) 15 degrees inferiorly (from the horitzonal plane)
7
Q
What is the name given to the modification of the anterior tubercle of the C6 transverse process?
A
The carotid tubercle
8
Q
What will occupy the typical cervical vertebra transverse foramen?
A
The vertebral artery, vertebral venous plexus and postganglionic sympathetic motor nerve fibers
9
Q
What is the name of the surface feature observed between the ends of the articular pillar?
A
The groove/sulcus for the dorsal ramus of the cervicals spinal nerve
10
Q
What is the classic angulation of typical cervical articular facets?
A
40 to 45 degree from the coronal plane
11
Q
Recent work suggest what angulation for typical cervical articular facets?
A
55 t0 6degrees
12
Q
What is the orientation of the typical cervical articular facet?
A
BUM
Backwards
Upward
Medial
13
Q
What is the orientation of the typical cervical inferior articular facet?
A
FoLD
Forward,
Lateral
Downward
14
Q
What typical muscles attach to typical cervical articular processes?
A
The longissimus capitis, longissimus cervicis, semispinalis capitis, semispinalis cervicis, multifidis, and rotators
15
Q
What muscles blend with the capsular ligament of cervical zygapophysis ?
A
Semispinalis capitis,multifidis and rotator longus
16
Q
What is the joint classification for the typical cervical zygapophysis?
A
Synovial plane (diarthrosis arthrodia) joint
17
Q
What modification of the synovial joint are observed in the cervical spine?
A
Meniscoidal folds
18
Q
What function will menisodial folds provide in the cervical zygapophysis?
A
They are assumed to distribute pressure across the joint surface
19
Q
The greatest range of flexion - extension among the typical cervical vertebrae occurs at which vertebral couple?
A
C5/C6
20
Q
What motions are coupled in the cervical spine?
A
Lateral bending and axial rotation
21
Q
Ranges of coupled motion among the typical cervical vertebrae will begin to decrease at what cervical vertebral couple?
A
C2/c3
C3/c4
C4/c5
22
Q
Ranges of coupled motion among the typical cervical vertebrae will begin to decrease at what cervical vertebral couple?
A
C5/C6
23
Q
What is the usual condition for the Caucasian typical cervical spinous process?
A
They are bifid
24
Q
What is the usual condition for the African American typical cervical spinous process?
A
The non-bifid
25
What muscles may attach to the typical cervical spinous process?
The spinalis cervicis, spemispinalis cervicis, semispinalis thoracis, multifidis, rotators, and interspinalis
26
What will form the anterior boundary of a typical cervical intervertebral foramen?
The lateral groove and vertebral body of the segment above, the uncinate process and vertebral body of the segment below, the intervertebral disc and the posterior longitudinal ligament
27
What will form the posterior boundary of typical cervical intervertebral foramen?
The inferior articular process (post-zygapophysis) the superior articular process (pre-zygapophysis) the capsular ligament and the ligament flavum
28
What will form the superior boundary of a typical cervical intervertebral foramen?
The inferior vertebral notch or inferior vertebral
29
What will the inferior boundary of typical cervical intervertebral foramen?
The superior vertebral notch or superior vertebral notch
30
What is the unique anterior boundary of the intervertebral foramen for the C4 spinal nerve?
The lateral groove of C3 and uncinate process of C4 forming the joint of luschka
31
What is the name of first cervical vertebra?
Atlas
32
What features are lacking at C1?
Vertebral body, pedicle, a spinous process and the intervertebral disc
33
What is thought to represent the pedicle at C1?
The anterior arch
34
What osseous modification is observed to the front of the anterior arch of C1?
The anterior tubercle
35
What muscle attaches to the anterior arch of C1?
Longus colli
36
What ligaments will attach tot he anterior arch of C1?
The anterior longitudinal, anterior Atlanta’s-occipital ligament, and anterior atlanto-axial ligament
37
What is observed on the back of the anterior arch of C1?
The fovea dentis
38
What joint classifications are observed on the anterior arch of C1?
Fibrous (amphiarthosis) syndesmosis joint and synovial pivot (diathrosis trochoid )joints
39
What is the morphology of the superior articular facet of C1?
They are elliptical, closer together in front and often demonstrate an elevation subdividing the facet surface into two separate surfaces
40
What is the orientation of the superior superior articular facet of C1?
BUM
Backward
Upward
Medial
41
What is the joint classification of the atlanto-occipital zygapophysis?
Synovial (diarthosis) ellipsoidal joint
42
What are the morphological characteristics of the inferior articulate facet of C1?
Asymmetrical, slightly concave or flattened
43
What is the orientation of the inferior articular facet of C1?
BUM
44
What is the joint classification of atlanto-axial zygapophysis?
Synovial plane ( diarthrosis arthrodia) joint
45
What is the name of the rounded elevation on the medial aspect of the lateral mass of C1?
Tubercle for the transverse atlantal ligament
46
What muscle attach to the lateral mass of C1?
Levator scapula, splenius cervicis and recurs capitis anterior
47
What part of the C1 represents the spinous process?
Posterior tubercle of the posterior arch
48
What is the distance form the posterior tubercle of the posterior arch to the skin in each gender?
Males: 55mm
| Females : 37 mm
49
What attached to the posterior tubercle of the posterior arch of C1?
Rectus capitis posterior minor muscle and ligamentum nuchae
50
What superior surface modifications of the posterior arch of C1 are present?
Groove/sulcus for the vertebral artery and arcuate rim
51
What attaches to the arcuate rim of C1?
The posterior atlanto-occipital ligament
52
Ossification of the free margin of the posterior atlanto-occipital ligament results in which atypical bone classification?
Accessory bone
53
What ist he earliest age of development where ossification of the anterior margin of the posterior atlanto- occipital ligament was observed?
Accessory bone
54
Based on the amount of ossification of the anterior free margin of the posterior atlanto- occipital ligments what structures will form?
About age 7
55
Based on the amount of ossification of the anterior free margin of the posterior atlanto-occipital ligament what structure will form?
An incomplete ponticulus posticus or a complete ponticulus posticus
56
What are the attachment sites of the ponticulus posticulus ?
It is attached to the arcuate rim of the posterior arch of atlas and to the superior articular process of the lateral mass of atlas
57
What names are given to the opening formed by the ponticulus posticus?
Arcuate foramen or retroarticular canal
58
Ponticulus posticus has observed in what ethnic populations?
All ethnic populations studied this far
59
What ist he general range of the incidence of ponticulus posticus in the pop. Studied?
1-41%
60
What is the gender bias now associated with ponticulus posticus?
Female
61
What is the incidence of complete ponticulus posticus verse and incomplete?
Complete: 15%
Incomplete: 41%
62
What are the ossesous parts of the transverse process of C1?
Costal element, posterior tubercle and true transverse process
63
What muscles attach to the transverse process of C1?
Rectus capitis anterior, Rectus capitis lateralis, middle scalene, levator scapula, splenius cervicis, obliques capitis superior, obliquus capitis inferior, and intersversesarii muscles
64
What sub-occipital muscles are known to have fascial projections attaching to the spinal dura?
Mayodural bridges
65
What are the lateral bridges of atlas connected to?
The lateral mass and the transverse process of atlas
66
What forms of the lateral bridge are observed in the population?
Incomplete lateral bridge and complete lateral bridge
67
What opening is identified when a complete lateral bridge is formed>
The retrotransverse foramen
68
What are the possible contents of the retrotransverse foramen ?
The vertebral artery, a branch from the subocciptial nerve and veins communicating with the venous sinuses of the neck
69
Which ponticles (bridges ) of the atlas is most numerous?
Ponticulus posticus
70
Which of the ponticles (bridges) of atlas is observed only in humans?
Lateral bridges
71
What is observed in the transverse foramen of C1?
Vertebral artery, vertebral venous plexus, postganglionic symathetic motor nerve fibers
72
What ist eh gender variation for measurements of the transverse diameter of C1?
Males: 78mm
| Females : 72mm
73
What is the distance from the posterior tubercle of the transverse process of C1 to skin for each gender?
A little over 30 mm for both
74
What joint classification are observed at C1?
```
Fibrous ( amphiarthosis) syndesmosis joint
Synovial (diarthosis) ellipsoidal joint
Synovial pivot ( diarthosis trochoid ) joint
Synovial plane ( diarthosis arthrodia) joint
```
75
How many synovial joint surfaces are observed at C1?
5
76
What are the names given to C2?
Axis or epistropheus
77
What unique vertebral body modification are on C2?
Dens or odontoid process
78
How many joint surfaces are present on the odontoid process of C2?
5
79
What are the joint surfaces that are present on the odontoid process of C2?
Facet for the fovea dentis,
Groove for transverse atlantal ligament
Attachment sites for the alar ligaments
Attachment for the apical-dental ligament
80
What is the name/classification given to the odontoid process when the tip if the dens is directed posterior?
Lordotic dens
81
What is the name /classication given to the odontoid process when the tip of the dens is directed anterior?
Kyphotic dens
82
What are the joint surfaces formed by the inferior vertebral body of C2?
Anterior and posterior lip
Right and left lateral grooves
Calcellous bone
83
How many joints are formed by the inferior part of the vertebral body of C2?
5
84
What joint classification are present at the vertebral body C2?
Fibrous ( amphiarthosis) syndesmosis
Modified synovial saddle( diarthosis stellar)
Cartilaginous ( amphiarthosis) syndesmosis
85
How many joint surfaces present at the vertebral body C2?
Ten
86
What ligament will represent the cranial continuation of the posterior longitudinal ligament?
Membrana tectoria
87
What ligament forms the anterior boundart of the spinal canal above C2?
Membrana tectoria
88
What ligament will form form the anterior boundary for the spinal canal below the C2?
Posterior longitudinal ligament
89
What is the location of the superior vertebral notch of C2?
On the lamina -pedicle junction
90
What attaches to the lamina of C2?
Obliquus capitis inferior muscle, posterior atlanto-axial ligament , ligamentum flavum
91
What i the appearance of the superior articulate facets of C2?
They are asymmetrical and slight convex
92
What is the facet orientation of the superior articular facet of C2?
BUL
93
What is the facet orientation inferior articulate facet of C2?
FoLD
94
What msucle attaches to articular processes of C2?
Longissimus cervicis
95
What ossesous parts of the typical cervical transverse process are absent at C2?
Anterior tubercle and costotransverse bar
96
What will be observed in the transverse foramen of C2?
Vertebral artery. Vertebral venous plexus, postganglionic symathetic motor nerve fibers
97
What is the gender variation for the transverse diameter of C2?
M: 57 mm
F: 50 mm
98
What muscles attach to the transverse process of C2?
Levator scapulae , middle scalene, splenius cervicis , longissimus cervicis and intersversarii
99
What is the characteristic appear of C2 spinous process in humans ?
Bifid
100
What is the allocation for palpations of the spinous process of C2?
In the middle , about 2 inches below the external; occipital protuberance
101
What muscles attach to the spinous process of C2?
Rectus capitis posterior major, obliquus capitis inferior, spinalis cervicis, semispinalis cervicis, multifidis, rotators and interiorspinalis muscles
102
What ligaments attach to the spinous process of C2?
Ligamentum nuchae, interspinous ligaments
103
What names may be given to C7?
Vertebra prominens and vertebral prominence
104
What sit he name given to the topographical elevation observed at the base of the neck?
Vertebral prominence
105
What name is given only to C7?
Vertebra prominens
106
Is what percent of men and women foes C7 become the vertebral prominence ?
Men: 86%
Women: 79%
107
What sit he segment and gender bias for vertebrae other than C7 becoming the vertebral prominence ?
C6 is more common in females and T1 is more common in males
108
How many joints surfaces are present at the vertbrea body of C7?
Eight
109
What joint classifications are observed at the vertbral body of C7?
Fibrous ( amphiarthosis) syndesmosis
Cartilaginous (amphiarthosis )symphysis
Modified synovial saddle (diathrosis stellar ) joint
110
What synovial joints are observed at the vertebral body of C7?
Right and left uncinate processes
111
What muscles attach tot he vertebral body of C7?
Longus colli Muscle
112
What features are typically present in the transverse foramen of C7?
Vertebral venous plexus, postganglionic sympathetic motor fibers
113
What muscles attach to the transverse process of C7?
Middle scalene, iliocostalis thoracis, longissimus cervicis , semispinlais capitis, rotators, intertransversarii and lavator costarum brevis
114
What is the orientation of superior articular facet of C7?
BUM
115
What is the orientation of the inferior articular facets of C7?
ForMeD
Forward
Medial
Downward
116
What muscles will attach to articular process of C7?
Longissimus cervicis, longissimus capitis, semispinalis cervicis, and multifidis
117
What are the features of the spinous processes of C7?
Trapezius , rhomboid minor, serratus posterior superior, splenius capitis , spinalis capitis, spinalis cervicis, semispinalis thoracis, multifidis, rotators, and interspinalis
118
What ligaments attach to the spinous process of C7?
Ligamentum nuchae and interspinous ligaments
119
The vertebral artery on which side os typically larger?
Left vertebral artery
120
What isthe gender bias regarding size fo the vertebral artery?
Men have larger vertebral arteries than females
121
What was the name of the physical exam used to determine vertebral artery patency?
The vertebrobasilar artery insufficieny test
122
Which side artery was tested during the course of the vertebral artery insufficiency exam?
The ipsilateral artery on the side of rotation
123
Typically , what vertbrea level will the vertebral artery first become located in the transverse foramen?
C6
124
At what location will the vertebral artery forms its seconds compensatory loop?
The atlanto-axial interspace
125
At what location will the vertebral artery form its second comensatory loop?
The atlanto-occipital interspace
126
At what segments will the vertebral artery be firmly attached to the transverse process?
Both C1 and C2
127
What sithe purpose of the vertebral artery loops between C2 and C1 and occipital?
The increased length will accommodate the greater rotation at these locations
128
What happens to the vertebral artery after it enters the subarachnoid space at C1?
The vertebral artery ascends along the medulla oblongata to the pontine -medullary junction where the right and left arteries untie to form the basilar artery
129
Which sub occipital muscles attach to C1?
Rectus capitis posterior minor
Obliquus capitis superior
Obliquus capitis inferior
130
Which suboccipital muscles attach to the C2?
Rectus capitis posterior major
| Obliquus capitis inferior
131
What joint classification are present at C1?
Synovial (diarthosis) ellipsoidal,
Synovial pivot( diathrosis trochoid) synovial plane
Fibrous ( amphiarthosis) syndesmosis
132
What joint classification are present at C2?
```
Synovial pivot ( diarthrosis trochoid)
Synovial plane ( diarthosis arthrodia)
Modified synovial saddle ( diarthosis stellar)
Fibrous ( amphiarthosis) syndesmosis
Cartilaginous ( amphiarthosis) symphysis
```
133
What joint classification are present at each typical cervical ?
Synovial place ( diarthosis arthrodia)
Modified synovial saddle (diarthrosis stellar)
Fibrous ( amphiarthosis) syndesmosis
Cartilaginous (amphiarthosis) symphysis
134
What joint classifications are present at C7?
Synovial plane ( diarthosis arthrodia)
Modified synovial saddle (diarthrosis stellar)
Fibrous (amphiarthosis) syndesmosis
Cartliagous (amphiarthosis)symphysis
135
What forms the boundaries for the exit of C1 nerve from the spinal canal
Occipital condyle, superior articular process of C1, capsuLAR, capsular ligament, arcuate rim, groove for the vertebral artery , psoterior atlanto -axial ligament
136
What forms the boundaries for the exit of C2 nerve from the spinal canal?
Inferior articular process of C1, superior articular process of C2, capsular ligament, interior vertebral notch of C1, superior vertebral notch of C2, posterior arch of C1, lamina of C2, posterior atlanto -axial ligament
137
What forms the anterior boundary for the C2 nerve exits from the spinal canal?
Inferior articular process of C1, superior articular process of C2, capsular ligament
138
What forms the anterior boundary for the C2 nerve exits form the spinal canal?
The posterior arch of C1, lamina of C2 and posterior erior atlanto-axial lig.
139
What forms the anterior boundary for the C3-C7 nerve exit from the spinal canal?
The vertebral bodies , intervertebral disc, posterior longitudinal ligament, uncinate process, lateral groove
140
What forms the anterior boundary for the C8 nerve exits from the spinal canal?
The vertebral bodies of C7 and T1 , intervertebral disc, PLL, capsular lig. Of the costocentral joint, superio coastal facet of T1 and articualr surface of the 1st rib
141
What are the superior articular facets orientations for the cervical regions
C1 is backwards, downward, medial (BUM)
C2-C6- FoLD
C7 ForMeD
142
What are the inferior articulate facets orientation for het cervical vertebra?
C1- BMD
C2-6– FoLD
C7- ForMeD
143
How many synovial joitns are identified for each cervical vertebra?
C1= five
C2= 8
C3-8=8
C7=6
144
How many joints are identified at the vertebrae; body of each cervical vertebra?
C1= none
C2=10
C3-6=10
C7= 8
145
Which thoracic segments are considered the typical thoracic?
T2-T8 segments
146
What features will allow discrimination between T2-T4 and T5-T8 segmental groups?
The vertebral body, transverse process, articular process and spinous process
147
What is the outline of the vertebral body of typical thoracic from superior groups?
Triangular
148
What is the name given to the left side appearance of the vertebral body of T5-T8?
The aortic impression
149
What is the name given to the left side appearance of the vertebral body of T5 -T8?
The aortic impression
150
What is the aortic impression ?
The flattening of the superior and inferior epiphyseal rims on the left side of the vertebral body of T5-T8 which gives the vertebral body a less scalloped or less indented appearance on that side
151
What part of the vertebral body is most influenced by the aorta at T5-T8?
The superior and inferior epiphyseal rims
152
What is the height pattern of the typical thoracic vertebral body?
The posterior height is greater than the anterior height by one to two millimeter
153
What is the height pattern of the intervertebral discs in the typical thoracic region?
The intervertebral disc are rather planar or flat with no apparent height difference between anterior and posterior heights
154
What is the principal cause of the posterior curve of the thoracic spine?
The vertebral body height differences
155
In terms of the anterior-posterior curves of the vertebral column, what direction will the thoracic spine face?
Psoterior
156
What is another way of naming a posterior curve pattern ?
A kyphotic curve
157
What joint classifications are identified at the vertebral body of a typical thoracic?
Fibrous ( amphiarthosis) syndesmosis
Cartilaginous ( amphiarthosis) symphysis
Synovial place (diarthosis arthosis )
158
How many synovial joint are formed at the vertebral body of typical thoracic?
Four
159
How many symphysis joint are formed at the vertebral body of typical thoracic?
Two
160
How many joints are formed at the vertebral body of a typical thoracic?
Typically ten
| 14 if the costocentral stellate/ radiate ligament are included
161
What is the name given to the joint between the vertebral body and rib?
Costocentral joints
162
How many costocentral joints are formed at the vertebral body of a typical thoracic ?
Four
163
Which of Demi-facets on the vertebral body of typical thoracic is larger?
The superior costal Demi- facet
164
What feature will provide assistance in maintaining the stability of the intervertebral foramen in the typical thoracic?
The costocentral joint or ribs
165
What is the size relationship articulating surfed of the head of the rib and the costal Demi-facet surface?
The rib surface is greater than the costal Demi-facet surface
166
Which muscles is attached to the vertebral body of T2 or T3?
The longus colli
167
What is the angulation of the pedicle in the typical thoracic region?
10 to 15 degrees posterolateral from the sagittal
168
Which x- ray view is used to see into the intervertebral foramen of typical thoracic ?
The inferior vertebral notch or inferior vertebral incisure
169
What is the nerve -vertebral body relationship at the typical thoracic intervertebral foramen?
In the intervertebral foramen, number of the nerve is the same as the number of the upper thoracic in the vertebral couple
170
What is the overlap of the vertebral foramen of a typical thoracic region?
Shingling
171
In which plane will the size of the vertebral foramen of a typical thoracic be greatest?
The transverse plane , the vertebral transverse diameter
172
What is present on the transverse tubercle of a typical region?
The transverse costal
173
What is the rib — transverse tubercle of a typical thoracic?
The transverse costal facet
174
What is the rib- transverse process relationship for the typical thoracic?
The number of the rib is the same of the number of the vertebra whose transverse process is being studied, 5th with T5 transverse process
175
What is the classification of the costotransverse joint?
Synovial plane ( diarthosis arthrodia) joint
176
What are the osseous parts fo the costotransverse joint?
The transverse costal facet and the articular surface of the tubercle of a rib
177
What ligaments support the costotransverse joint ?
The support costotransverse, inferior costotransverse, and lateral costotransverse ligaments
178
The superior costotransverse ligament of rib 5 will attach to which vertebral feature ?
The transverse process of T4
179
What ligaments attach to the transverse process of a typical thoracic>
Intertransverse , capsular costotransverse, superior costotransverse, inferior costotransverse and lateral costotransverse ligaments
180
Which msucles may attach to the transverse process of a typical thoracic?
Longissimus thoracis, longissimus cervicis, longissimus capitis, semispinalis thoracis, semispinalis cervicis, semispinalis capitis, multifidis, rotator longus , rotator brevis, intertransversarii, levator costorum longus and brevis
181
Of the muscles attaching to the transverse process of typical thoracic , which ones will attach only to T5-8 vertebral segments ?
Semispinalis thoracis and levator costarum longus
182
How do the transverse diameters of the articular process compare in the T2-T4 region?
The superior articular process transverse diameter is greater than the inferior articular transverse diameter for a given segment
183
How do the transverse diameters of the articular processes compare in the T5-T8 regions?
The superior articular process transverse is the same or = to the inferior articular process transverse
184
What is the orientation superior articular facet in the typical thoracic?
BUL
Backwards
Upwards
Lateral
185
What is the orientation of the inferior articular facet of typical thoracic?
ForMeD
Forward
Downward
Medial
186
What is the joint classification of the articular facet joint?
Synovial palace ( diathrosis arthrodia)
187
How many synovial joints are present at a typical thoracic?
10
188
Identify the synovial joint surfaces present on a typical thoracic?
```
Two superior costal Demi-facet
Two inferior costal Demi-facets
Two transverse costal facets
Two superior articular facets
Two inferior articular facets
```
189
What is the name given to overlap of the spinous processes in the thoracic region?
Imbrication
190
Imbrication will be more pronounced for what region of the thoracics?
T5-T8
191
Which thoracic has the longest spinous process?
T8
192
What is the angulation of the spinous process of T2-T4?
The undersurface of T2-T4 spinous processes will angle put to 40degrees from the horizontal plane
193
What is the angulation fo the spinous process of T5-T8?
The undersurface of T5-T8 spinous processes will angle up to 60 degrees form the horizontal plane
194
Which vertebrae will have aspinous process angulation of up to 40 degrees?
T2-T4
195
What joint classification is associated with typical thoracic spinous process ligaments ?
Fibrous (amphiarthosis)syndesmosis joint
196
Which muscles may attach to the spinous process of a typical thoracic?
Trapezius, latissimus DORSI, rhomboid major, serratus anterior superior, splenius cervicis, splenius capitis,
Spinalis thoracis, spinalis cervicis, spinalis capitis
Semispinalis thoracics, multifidis, rotator longus, rotator brevis, and interspinalis
197
What muscles attaching to the spinous process of typical thoracic are not included in any muscle layer of the true back?
Splenius cervicis
Splenius capitis
Interspinalis
198
What joint classification are Preston at every typical thoracic vertebrae?
Fibrous ( amphiarthosis) syndesmosis
Cartilaginous ( amphiarthosis) syndesmosis
Synovial plane ( diarthosis arthrodia)
199
What is the appearance of the vertebral body of T1 from the anterior view?
Both sides will appear to be scalloped ( identified ) between the epiphyseal rims
200
What is the appearance of superior surface of the vertebral of T1?
It is somewhat cup-shaped with elevation at the posterior and lateral margins
201
What may the elevations on the vertebral body of T1?
Uncinate process
202
What is the appearance of the inferior surface of the vertebral body of T1?
Typically flat, lacking anterior and posterior lips characteristic of the cervicals
203
How many synovial joints are formed at the vertebral body of T1?
Four normally
204
How many symphysis joints are formed at the vertebral body of T1?
Two
205
How many syndesmosis joints are formed at the vertbreal body of T1?
Typically four identified ( as many as eight if the rib articulation is included)
206
How many joints are formed at the vertebral body of T1?
Typically 10 ( fourteen if the rib ligaments are included )
207
How many costocentral joints formed at the vertebral of T1?
Four
208
What synovial joints surfaces are present on the T1 vertebral body?
The right and left superior costal facets
| The right and left inferior costal - Demi facets
209
What is the rib-vertebral body combination invertvertebral foramen for the 1st thoracic nerve?
The superior costal facet of T1 will joint with the superior articular surface of the head of the second rib
The inferior costal- demi facet of T2 will joint with the inferior articular surface of the head of the 2nd rib
210
What ligaments supports the costocentral joints of the first rib?
The costcentral stellate / radiate ligament
211
What ligaments support the costocentral joint of the second rib ?
The costocentral stellate/ radiate ligament and the costocentral inter articular or intra-articular costocentral joint
212
What msucles is attached to the vertebral body of T1?
The longus colli
213
What ligaments support the costotransverse joint of T1?
The inferior costotransverse ligament
214
What ligament is absent at the costotransverse joint of T1
The superior costotransverse ligament
215
Which costotransverse joint will the superior costotransverse ligament of T1 support?
The second rib costotransverse joint
216
What msucles attach to the transverse process of T1?
Longissimus thoracics, longissimus cervicis, longissimus capitis,
Semispinalis cervicis, semispinalis capitis
Multifidis, rotators longus /brevis, intertransversarii
Levator costarum brevis
217
What is the orientation of the superior articular facet of T1?
BUL
218
Which specific transversospinalis msucles is absent from T1?
Semispinalis thoracis
219
What is the orientation of the inferior articular facet of T1?
ForMeD
220
What is the classification of the articular facet joint?
Synovial plane (diarthosis arthrodia)
221
How many synovial joints are present at T1?
Ten
222
How many synovial joint surfaces for ribs are present at T1?
Six
223
What is name used to identify the topographical landmark at the base of the neck?
Vertebral prominence
224
Vertebral prominence which vertebrae have been identified as forming the vertebral prominence
C6,c7,T1
