EXAM 2 RESPIRATORY AND DIGESTIVE SYSTEM

Question 1

Gastrointestinal Tract consists of

Answer 1

Mouth to the Anus

Question 2

Accessory structures that disassemble food in to smaller molecules

Answer 2

Tongue,
Teeth,
Salivary Glands,
Liver,
Gall Bladder,
Pancreas

Question 3

4 functions of the digestive system

Answer 3

Digestion,
Absorption,
Motility,
Evacuation

Question 4

Mono-gastric animals

Answer 4

Rabbits,
Horses,
Herbivores

Question 5

Who do not have what enzyme to digest what? After that, what is used?

Answer 5

Mammals
Cellulose
Large Colon

Question 6

Ruminants (herbivore) Rumen

Answer 6

Digest plant materials,
Holds 50 gallons of water,
Modified at the beginning,
Foregut fermentation

Question 7

Upper GI Tract consists of

Answer 7

Mouth,
Teeth,
Saliva

Question 8

Pharynx

Answer 8

Back of throat

Question 9

Peristalsis

Answer 9

Waves that push food to the back of the esophagus

Question 10

Don’t show signs of having a disease

Answer 10

Rats

Question 11

Signs of disease

Answer 11

Vomiting,
Regurgitation,
Diarrhea,
Anorexia,
Dehydration,
Weight change,
Pain

Question 12

What pain is the hardest to diagnose

Answer 12

Abdominal

Question 13

Gingiva

Answer 13

Gums

Question 14

Alveolus

Answer 14

Tooth socket

Question 15

Gingivitis

Answer 15

Infectious inflammation of the Gingiva, affects tooth attachment

Question 16

What % of dogs cats have Gingivitis. Periodontal disease

Answer 16

60% to 80%

Question 17

= REVERSIBLE inflammation of gum margins

Answer 17

Gingivitis

Question 18

Plaque

Answer 18

Friendly “soft” bacteria, cells, saliva

Question 19

Calcus

Answer 19

Mineralized plaque (inflamed)

Question 20

Salcus

Answer 20

Gutter around tooth

Question 21

Etiology of gingivitis

Answer 21

Form of PLAQUE
Transforms to CALCUS
Irritation of the gingiva,
Bacteria multiplies
Bacteria causes inflammation
Weakening tooth attachment

Question 22

Irreversible and loss of gingival attachment

Answer 22

Periodontitis

Question 23

Halitosis

Answer 23

Severe bad breath

Question 24

Clinical signs of gingivitis/periodontitis

Answer 24

Halitosis
Reluctant to chew hard food, oral pain
Loose teeth, pawing at mouth 
Head shyness 
Increased saliva 
Sneeze/nasal discharge 
Facial swelling 
Tooth loss

Question 25

Diagnosis for Gingivitis/Periodontitis

Answer 25

Oral exam Tartar inflammation Probe Radiographs

Question 26

Treatment for Gingivitis/Periodontitis

Answer 26

Dental scaling | Clean below the gum line

Question 27

Prevention of Gingivitis/Periodontitis

Answer 27

Starting oral hygiene early and keeping it up by brushing twice daily Hard, crunchy food Dental treats

Question 28

Choke

Answer 28

Esophageal obstruction Horses and Cows From eating turnips, apples and potatoes Neck mass

Question 29

Choke in Horses

Answer 29

Stretching of the neck Nasal discharge w/food Anxious, Sweating, Salivating Coughing

Question 30

Choke in Cows

Answer 30

Emergency Bloat Expanding rumen compression Organs

Question 31

Diagnosis for Choke

Answer 31

Hx and clinical signs Palpate Neck Check left side Endoscopy or radiograph

Question 32

Treatment for choke in horses

Answer 32

Fasting Hydrate: IV Fluids Irrigate w/stomach tube Muscle relaxants

Question 33

Treatment for Choke in Cows

Answer 33

EMERGENCY | Relieve the gas from the Tympany using a trocar, pushing a hole in the rumen

Question 34

Complications of Choke

Answer 34

causes inhalation pneumonia, pressure necrosis, rupture, and stricture

Question 35

Prevention from Choke

Answer 35

Avoid cube and pellets Slow eating Keep gap periods between food and exercise Keep away from orchard

Question 36

Hardware Disease

Answer 36

Traumatic reticuloperitonitis Caused by a wire Damaging the Reticulum Most common in dairy cows

Question 37

Pericardium

Answer 37

Where the wire to go to first before going through the heart

Question 38

Clinical signs of Hardware Disease

Answer 38

``` Groaning Hunched back HR, RR, Temp increase Anorexia Decreased feces Murmur Heart Failure ```

Question 39

Peritonitis

Answer 39

Inflammation of the membrane lining of the abdominal wall of organs

Question 40

Pleuritis

Answer 40

Inflammation of tissues that line the lung and chest cavity