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Pharmacology > Exam 2: Respiratory and Hematologic > Flashcards

Exam 2: Respiratory and Hematologic Flashcards

1
Q

LMWH use

A

Lovenox, enoxaparin
inhibits the action of thrombin to prevent clot formation.
Watch the dosage. pregnancy safe.

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2
Q

Patient education about administering Loveonx

A

Monitor for bleeding, bruising may be present around injection site.
Interactions: increased bleeding with antiplatelet, thrombolytics, NSAIDs.

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3
Q

Antiplatelet drugs

A

Aspirin, Bayer, Ecotrin
irreversibly inhibits platelet aggregation. Inhibits prostaglandin synthesis producing antipyretic and anti-inflammatory effects
Indications: reduce the risk of CV events, also can reduce fever and pain, especially inflammatory pain.

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4
Q

Are there any dietary medication restrictions with heparin and coumadin

A

Coumadin: foods high K. leafy greens,
Heparin: The Gs: Gingko, ginger, ginseng

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5
Q

Labs to monitor for heparin

A

PTT.

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6
Q

Labs to monitor for coumadin

A

INR: 2-3 DVT prophylaxis, ischemic stroke, afib/flutter, anterior MI.
INR: 2.5-3.5 mechanical heart valves

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7
Q

Medications to avoid when taking warfarin

A

too many to list. amiodarone, sulfa drugs, most antibiotics, thyroid drugs, H2 blockers, diuretics, allopurinol, estrogen, OCP, phenytoin, rifampin, vitamins C & K

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8
Q

Antidote for heparin

A

Protamine sulfate.

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9
Q

Antidote for warfarin

A

vitamin K.

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10
Q

Antidote for antiplatelet drugs

A

Platelet transfusion

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11
Q

Epoetin alfa (Epogen) what is it used for

A

treat anemia associated with ESRD, chemotherapy drug therapies.

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12
Q

Neupogen (filgrastrin), long acting Neulasta (pegfilgrastrin)

A

Leukopoietic growth Factors

Prevent or treat neutropenia in patients recieving chemotherapy

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13
Q

Adverse effects of Aspirin

A

anaphylaxis, bleeding, Reyes syndrome in children.

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14
Q

Medical condition drugs containing Factor VIII/IX treat?

A

Factor VIII: advate, hemofil-m, hemophilia a.

Factor IX: benefix, alphanine SD, hemophilia b.

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15
Q

Neupogen (filgrastrin), long acting Neulasta (pegfilgrastrin)

A

Leukopoietic Growth Factors

Prevent or treat neutropenia in patients receiving chemotherapy

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16
Q

What is the difference between an anticoagulant and a thrombolytic drug

A

thrombolytics are used to break up a clot and prevent permanent tissue damage to tissue.

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17
Q

Which inhalers are rescue?

A

albuterol (ventolin)

18
Q

Which inhalers are for maintenance?

A

Salmeterol and formoterol (beta adrenergic agonists long acting). montelukast, zafirlukast, fluticasone (inhaled steroids)

19
Q

Which inhalers are for asthma?

A

albuterol for acute.
salmeterol and formoterol for maintenance,
theophylline for rescue bronchospasm, montekulast, fluticasone for maintenance, Cromolyn Sodium for prevention

20
Q

Which inhalers are for COPD?

A

albuterol for acute. Beta adrenergic agonist long acting (salmeterol and formoterol)
ipatropium and tiotropium for COPD bronchospasm.
theophylline for bronchospasm. fluticasone for maintenance

21
Q

Patient education for inhaled medications

A

proper delivery system, timing of doses, maximum daily dose, when to seek medical attention, rinse mouth and wash contraption.

22
Q

What are antihistamines for

A

treatment of allergic reactions, allergic rhinitis, hives, URI symptoms, vertigo
h2: allergic rhinitis, chronic uticaria

23
Q

Signs of theophylline toxicity

A

sustained v tach, seizures, cardiac arrest

24
Q

Patient education for montelukast

A

Teach timing of dosage, teach how to treat side effects, do not use for acute asthma attack. side effects, ha, sore throat, fatigue, cough, nausea.

25
Q

What do you monitor when caring for a client taking salmeterol?

A

ha, sore throat, nasal congestion, rash, tachycardia, tremor.
Adverse: bronchospasm, death, laryngospasm, anaphylaxis, htn, hypotension, angina.

26
Q

client teaching about tiotropium

A

Anticholinergic

timing of medication, how to use, rinse after each use.

27
Q

Benzonate use: when, how long, and what conditions?

A

Inhibits the cough center in the brain. use short term. for nonproductive cough.

28
Q

side effects of short acting beta 2 agonists?

A

insomnia, tremor, tachcardia

29
Q

what is the use of expectorants?

A

Mucinex, guaifenesin
aid in the expectoration of excessive mucus. respiratory congestion and cough. decreases the surface tension of the mucus. increase water intake
Watch for kidney stones!

30
Q

what is the purpose of leukotriene modifiers?

A

prophylaxis and long term treatment of asthma, allergic rhinitis, and seasonal allergies.

31
Q

What are antitussives for

A

inhibit the cough center of the brain (medulla) temporary.

32
Q

phenylephrine

A

Neo-synephrin: decongestant. used for nasal congestion. rebound congestion!!
interacts with increasing blood pressure.

33
Q

Codeine

A

cough suppressant. narcotic.

check vital signs. sedation!!

34
Q

What are leukotriene inhibitors used for

A

-lukast
:block the receptors to leukotriene. prophylaxis and long term treatment of asthma, allergic rhinitis and seasonal allergies.

35
Q

why would a patient receive an order for a topical/nasal decongestant versus an oral decongestant?

A

decreased systemic absorption in the case of heart disease, such as CAD, htn. we do not want to systemically constrict the vessels.

36
Q

theophylline

A

theodur. xanthine derivative. relaxes smooth muscle of the bronchi.
not for rescue.
not used commonly

37
Q

Why would a patient be ordered a combination inhaler containing a steroid and bronchodilator?

A

bronchodilation and treat inflammation.

38
Q

What are patient education strategies a nurse would teach a patient using an inhaled steroid or asthma/COPD?

A

the use of inhalers, rinse mouth after each use, how to clean inhaler, not for acute treatment, need to follow up appointments to monitor drug effectiveness

39
Q

Prednisone

A

Oral steroid: decreases airway inflammation and mucous production.
short term treatment of acute asthma attack (IV). long term use for severe asthma.
Pregnancy D!!!
increases blood sugar, yeast infections, gi upset.
long term bone loss, adrenal gland suppression, peptic ulcers.

40
Q

Cromolyn sodium, nedocromil

A

intal, tilade, mast cell stabilizers. anti inflammatory.

maintenance. used before exertion.

41
Q

dronase alfa inhaled

A

pulmozyne. cystic fibrosis drugs. decreases mucous viscosity.

42
Q

mucoclytic drugs

A

decreases mucous viscosity. Acetylcysteine.

Pharmacology (3 decks)

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