Exam 2 Review

Question 1

Anarchy

Answer 1

no government in the international system

Question 2

National Interest

Answer 2

the interest of the state, most basically the protection of territory + sovereignty

Question 3

Balancing

Answer 3

taking actions to offset the power of more powerful states

Question 4

Rational Actors

Answer 4

Actors that make decisions by weighing the costs + benefits of various options against the goal to be achieved.

Question 5

Relative Gains

Answer 5

How much more one state gains
over another (can lead to security dilemma)

Question 6

Security Dilemma

Answer 6

the situation in which each state tries to increase its own power to protect itself but their increase of power is seen as a threat by other States, leading them to be more insecure + thus they seek to Increase their own power + makes other states more insecure

Question 7

Realism

Answer 7

An IR theory - States act in pursuit of their own national interests and
Accumulate more power for security in an anarchic world

Question 8

Internal Balancing

Answer 8

a state building up its own military resources + capabilities in order to be abe to stand against more powerful states

Question 9

External Balancing

Answer 9

refers to allying with others states to offset the power of more powerful states.

Question 10

Bandwagoning

Answer 10

a process in which states that might have oppossed a threatening state chose to ally with it instead.

Question 11

Neorealism

Answer 11

the structure of the international system is the most important level to study; states behave the way they do because of the international system, general laws can be found to explain events

Question 12

Liberalism

Answer 12

theory of IR, the innate goodness of the individual + the value of political institutions in promoting social progress

Question 13

Collective Security

Answer 13

The idea that aggression by a
state should been defeated collectively because aggression against one state is aggression against all

Question 14

Neoliberal institutionalism

Answer 14

Even in an anarchic international system, states will cooperate because of their continuous interactions with each other + it is their self interest to do so; institutions provide the framework for cooperative interactions

Question 15

Complex interdependence

Answer 15

States are connected through multiple channels (both informal + formal) there is no hierarchy of issues and the result is a decline in the use of military force

Question 16

Constructivism

Answer 16

Explains events through a focus on norms + identities - both of individuals + states.

Question 17

Discourse

Answer 17

how we choose to talk about ourselves and others

Question 18

Socialization

Answer 18

the process through which one adopts the identities of other groups

Question 19

Radicalism

Answer 19

social theory by Karl Marx, class countries between owners and workers will cause the eventual demise of capitalism; offers a critique of capitalism.

Question 20

Dependency Theory

Answer 20

a strand of the radical school of economic thought that seeks to explain the under development of dominant states

Question 21

Multinational Corporations(MNC)

Answer 21

Private enterprises which span state borders through the actual presence in, investments in, or trade with other countries

Question 22

Identity

Answer 22

a sense of self based on certain qualities and beliefs that define a person/group.

Question 23

Norms

Answer 23

collective expectations for the proper behavior of actors with a given identity

Question 24

International Institutions

Answer 24

Sets of rules such as international treaties + organizations meant to govern international behavior

Question 25

System

Answer 25

An assemblage of units, objects, or parts, united by some form of regular interaction in which a change in one unit causes changes in others

Question 26

Multipolar

Answer 26

Any system in which the distribution of the power to conquer is concentrated in more than two states

Question 27

Bipolar

Answer 27

the distribution of the power to conquer is concentrated in two states or coalitions of states

Question 28

Unipolar

Answer 28

the power to conquer all other states in the system combined resides within a single state

Question 29

Hegemon

Answer 29

a dominant state that has a preponderance of power often establishes and enforces the rules and norms in the international system

Question 30

multilateralism

Answer 30

the conduct of international activity by three or more states in accord with shared general principles often but not always through international institutions

Question 31

State

Answer 31

an organized political unit that has a geographic territory, stable population, and a govemment to which the poplation owes an allegiance and that is legally recognized by other states

Question 32

Nation

Answer 32

a group of people sharing a common language, history, or culture

Question 33

Nation-state

Answer 33

the entity formed when people sharing the same historical, cultural, or linguistic roots form their own state with borders, a government and international recognition, trend began with French+ American revolution

Question 34

Group-think

Answer 34

A mode of thinking that people engage in when they are deeply involved in a cohesive in-group, when members strivings for unanimity override their motivation to realistically appraise alternative courses of action

Question 35

Levels of analysis

Answer 35

based on the ideas that events in international relations can be explained by looking at individuals, states, or the International system and that causes at each level can be seperated from causes at other levels