Exam 2 Review

Question 1

Elision

Answer 1

omission of a phoneme from a word as a result of a historical change, or from coarticulation associated with connected speech

Question 2

Can elision occur across word boundaries?

Answer 2

yes

Question 3

Term for when whole syllables are elided

Answer 3

haplology

Question 4

Citation Form

Answer 4

word is pronounced carefully as a single item

Question 5

Connected speech

Answer 5

joining two or more words together in the creation of an utterance

Question 6

Coarticulation

Answer 6

overlapping of articulators during speech production

Question 7

Assimilation

Answer 7

phonemes take on the phonetic character of neighboring sounds

Question 8

What is the difference between coarticulation and assimilation?

Answer 8

coarticulation is the change in phonetic identity of a sound that results in an allophonic variation of the phoneme. Assimilation is the change that results in production of completely different phoneme.

Question 9

Regressive assimilation

Answer 9

identity of phoneme is modified due to a phoneme following it

Question 10

Progressive assimilation

Answer 10

identity of a phoneme is modified due to a phoneme preceding it

Question 11

Epenthesis

Answer 11

additional phonemes are inserted in words during their production in connected speech

Question 12

Metathesis

Answer 12

transposition of sounds in a word

Question 13

Vowel Reduction

Answer 13

full form of a vowel becomes more like the mid-central schwa vowel (upside down e) in connected speech (uh)

Question 14

Suprasegmental Aspects of Speech

Answer 14

alterations in stress, timing of words, and intonation at the connected speech level

Question 15

Content words

Answer 15

contain salient information in a sentence

Question 16

Function words

Answer 16

pronouns, articles, prepositions, conjunctions

Question 17

Intonation

Answer 17

modification of voice pitch

Question 18

Intonational phrase

Answer 18

consists of all changes in fundamental frequency spanning the length of a meaningful utterance

Question 19

Falling intonational phrase

Answer 19

Pitch of voice declines over the length of a neutrally spoken utterance

Question 20

When does falling intonation occur?

Answer 20

complete statements, commands, wh- questions.

Question 21

Rising intonational phrase

Answer 21

pitch of voice increases over length of utterance

Question 22

When does rising intonation occur?

Answer 22

questions, incomplete thoughts, list of items, yes/no questions.

Question 23

Tempo

Answer 23

describe the durational aspect of connected speech

Question 24

Duration of Individual Phonemes

Answer 24

Diphthongs have a greater duration than vowels
Vowels have a greater duration than consonants.
Glides and Liquids have the longest duration of consonants.
Stops have the shortest duration of consonants.

Question 25

Vowels are shorter when they precede what? Longer when they precede what?

Answer 25

Shorter when preceding voiceless consonants, longer when preceding voiced consonants

Question 26

Vowels in what syllables are longer than vowels in what syllables?

Answer 26

Open; closed

Question 27

Juncture

Answer 27

indicates the way in which syllables and words are linked together in connected speech