Exam 2 Review

Question 1

Detail the DTaP & Tdap vaccines.

Answer 1

Diptheria/Tetanus- toxoid
Pertussis- acellular
DTap- children
Tdap- age 11-64

Question 2

Detail the Pneumococcal vaccine.

Answer 2

Capsule
Multiple serotypes, do not vaccinate against all
Children under 5 (led to lower rates of pneumonia in older adults)
Adults over 65 (prevents bacteremia)

Question 3

Detail H flu vaccine.

Answer 3

Capsule

Infants

Question 4

Detail the meningococcal vaccine.

Answer 4

Capsule

Teenagers

Question 5

Detail the influenza vaccine.

Answer 5

Live attenuated (intranasal)
Killed (IM)
Hemagglutinin
Neuraminidase
Everyone over 6 months
Seasonal

Question 6

Detail the MMR vaccine.

Answer 6

Live attenuated
Children
Pregnant women

Question 7

Where is the BCG vaccine used?

Answer 7

High burden TB areas

Question 8

Detail the Rabies vaccine.

Answer 8

Viral envelope
High risk occupations
Post-exposure prophylaxis

Question 9

Antigenic drift in influenza is due to a mutation in what proteins?

Answer 9

HA

NA

Question 10

Antigenic shift in influenza is due to a mutation in what proteins?

Answer 10

HA

NA

Question 11

Influenza can undergo reassortment, what virus that causes gastroenteritis can also undergo reassortment?

Answer 11

Rota

Question 12

Which influenza type causes large outbreaks?

Answer 12

A- undergoes antigenic shift

Question 13

Which influenza type only infects humans?

Answer 13

B

Question 14

What are the 3 important RNA polymerases?

Answer 14

RNA pol I- rRNA
RNA pol II- mRNA
RNA pol III- tRNA

Question 15

In which compartment of the cell do most RNA virus genomes replicate in? What is an important exception?

Answer 15

Cytoplasm

Retro, influenza

Question 16

In which compartment of the cell do most DNA viruses replicate? What is an important exception?

Answer 16

Nucleus

Pox

Question 17

Do any anti HIV drugs directly inhibit viral mRNA synthesis?

Answer 17

No- viruses DNA transcribed by host RNA pol II

Question 18

Do + sense RNA viruses carry an RNA polymerase?

Answer 18

No
+ sense RNA is translated by host ribosomes
RNA encodes viral polymerase

Question 19

Do - sense RNA viruses carry an RNA polymerase?

Answer 19

Yes

Question 20

What enzyme makes HIV virion RNA/mRNA?

Answer 20

Host RNA Pol II

Question 21

HIV viral load can be measured to monitor HAART. What test is used to monitor viral load?

Answer 21

RT-PCR

Question 22

Why isn’t PCR a good assay to assess viral load?

Answer 22

Provirus is part of host DNA

RT-PCR assess viral RNA

Question 23

Does HAART therapy reduce virus or provirus?

Answer 23

Virus

Question 24

What are the criteria for SIRS?

Answer 24

T >38
HR >90
RR >20
WCC >12k or less than 4k
PaCO2 less than 32

Question 25

What is SEPSIS?

Answer 25

SIRS + infection

Question 26

What category of bacteria are susceptible to the MAC?

Answer 26

Gram negative

Question 27

Most primary immunodeficiencies are due to a defect in what component of the immune system?

Answer 27

Humoral

Question 28

Define neutropenia.

Answer 28

Neutrophils less than 500

Question 29

What bugs are patients with CGD commonly infected with why?

Answer 29

``` S. aureus Serratia Pseudomonas Aspergillus Candida Nocardia (catalase +) ```

Question 30

Patients with recurrent N. meningitidis infection may have a defect in what immune system component?

Answer 30

C5-9 (MAC)

Question 31

List the AIDS defining cancers.

Answer 31

Kaposi sarcoma Non-Hodgkin lymphoma Cervical cancer

Question 32

What viral infection is associated with Non-Hodgkin lymphoma?

Answer 32

EBV

Question 33

What viral infection is associated with cervical cancer?

Answer 33

HPV

Question 34

What viral infection is associated with Kaposi sarcoma?

Answer 34

HHV-8

Question 35

What diseases are associated with HTLV-1?

Answer 35

Adult T cell leukemia HAM (myelopathy) Uveitis

Question 36

Why is ritonavir used to treat HIV?

Answer 36

Inhibits CYP450 system to "boost" effect of other antiretrovirals

Question 37

Why is active TB treated with 4 drugs and latent TB treated with 1 drug?

Answer 37

Active- prevent resistance | Latent- chance for selecting for resistance is low because there are few bugs

Question 38

How long are TB drugs given for active infection?

Answer 38

4 drugs for 2 months | 2 drugs for 4 months

Question 39

What organisms do not gram stain well?

Answer 39

Legionella Mycoplasma Chlamydia Rickettsia

Question 40

What antibiotic is used to treat Ricketssial disease?

Answer 40

Doxycycline