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Exam 2 Review Flashcards

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1
Q

When was the Period of Decline in the early medieval church?

A

600-950AD

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2
Q

Gregory I, the Great lived from ___to___

A

540-604AD

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3
Q

(T/F) Gregory I was from a wealthy family and was well educated

A

True

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4
Q

(T/F) Gregory I spoke Greek

A

False

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5
Q

What year was Gregory I made pope?

A

590AD

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6
Q

What were the problems of the empire during Gregory I’s papacy?

A

Poverty, disease from Tiber river, financial instability of the Church, defense of Rome against Lombards, needed to establish Papal supremacy

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7
Q

(T/F) Gregory I’s preaching was simple, practical, and allegorical

A

True

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8
Q

(T/F) Gregory I opposed relics and saints

A

False

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9
Q

(T/F) Gregory I saw an avenging God rather than a God of love

A

True

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10
Q

(T/F) Gregory I was semi-pelagian

A

True

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11
Q

(T/F) Gregory I held to double predestination

A

False

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12
Q

(T/F) Gregory I developed the theology of purgatory

A

True

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13
Q

(T/F) Gregory I developed the theology of penance

A

True

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14
Q

(T/F) Gregory I’s papal rule destroyed the unity of both Europe and the Western Church

A

False

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15
Q

(T/F) Gregory I began the idea of Papal succession

A

True

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16
Q

What was the style of worship under Gregory I?

A

Formalized, with (gregorian) chants and ritual

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17
Q

(T/F) Gregory I believed in salvation outside of the Church

A

False

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18
Q

What was the document ‘the Donation of Constantine’?

A

A forged document, written in the mid- 8th century but supposedly from the 4th century, stating that Constantine formally donated all of Rome, Italy and Western Europe to the Bishop of Rome

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19
Q

What was the document ‘the Isidorean Decretalis’?

A

A forged document, written mid- 9th century but supposedly a series of church leader decisions made by Clement of Rome until the 8th century. Some were genuine but most were spurious. Affirmed that Popes
were given supreme authority from the beginning, permitted all bishops to appeal to the Pope (thus limiting role of Archbishops), and regarded Church as free from secular control.

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20
Q

Summarize the life of Mohammed

A

Lived 570-632AD, He was a shepherd & visionary who married wealthy widow. At 35 he received a vision to preach monotheism to his polytheistic society. His wife was his 1st convert. The poor listen, but the wealthy are hostile; as a result, in 622 he flees to Medina.In 630 he returned to Mecca with a military triumph over the resistance. A’bu Bekr succeeds him after death.

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21
Q

Summarize the teachings of Islam

A

Islam contains Judaistic, Christian and Gnostic elements, and generally holds to a high morality. Believes Jesus was a prophet who was virgin born, but his death and resurrection were not true. In practice, Islam entails submission to God, confession of faith in Allah and a willingness to follow teachings of Mohammed. Includes ritual prayer to Mecca 5 times/day, Fasting in the 9th month between sunrise & sunset, and making a pilgrimage to Mecca at least once in one’s life.

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22
Q

Why did Islam spread faster than Christianity in North Africa?

A

Islam had scripture translated in the language of the people, while Christian scripture remained in Latin

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23
Q

(T/F) Islam brought a higher level of ‘civilization’ to parts of North Africa

A

True, introduced concepts of Education, Mathematics(concept of zero), Chemistry, Agriculture, Literature, Language, and Handcrafts(architecture)

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24
Q

(T/F) As time went on, Western Europe became more educated and virtuous during this period

A

False, morality declined and superstition increased because education and learning all but ceased

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25
(T/F) Christianity came to England around 411AD, but had virtually disappeared
True
26
When did Saints Patrick, Columba, and Aidan replant the Church in England?
651AD
27
Gregory I sent St. Augustine to England and saw the conversion of this king
King Ethelbert
28
(T/F) King Ethelbert ordered the conversion of the people of England
True
29
What were some of the conflicts between Western and Celtic worship/theology?
The date of Easter, Ecclesiastical structure (Celts had an Abbot rather than a bishop), Celts were more evangelical
30
664 Synod declared Celtic people must follow which form, Celtic or Roman?
Roman
31
From 200-700AD, what environmental factor negatively affected harvests in England?
England got progressively colder and wetter until 800AD
32
(T/F) Civilization flourished in Early Medieval Europe
False, the black death had devastated Europe and what remained were sparsely populated tribal groups
33
The Carolingian Empire arose in a _____ _____
Power vacuum
34
Charlemagne presented the king as ______ of the people
Steward
35
What actions did Charlemagne take to build up the Carolingian empire?
Published laws, set inspection teams to check on officials, established common currency to match muslim coinage, and utilized his military in conquering new lands
36
(T/F) Charlemagne sought to reproduce roman civilization
True
37
Where did Charlemagne set his capital city, where he established his palace school?
Aachen
38
What writing script did Charlemagne develop which lead to a European literary revival?
Carolingian minuscule
39
What prolific writer served as adviser to Charlemagne?
Alcuin of York
40
When was Charlemagne declared Holy Roman Emperor?
Christmas Day, 800AD
41
Define Caesaropapism
The claim that Western rulers were directly descended from Caesar Augustus, denied by the Western Church
42
What are the limitations of the Carolingian empire under Charlemagne?
Economic infrastructure not yet fully repaired, Tribalism continued to dominate among the Frankish nobility, Military strength not sufficient to hold back Viking invaders, Urban environment not yet large enough to allow for empire to continue with death of Charlemagne, Food supply not yet sufficient for needs of population
43
How did the Church change the family structure of the Carolingians?
Previously, the social structure of the Carolingians was based on kinship-ties. The Church placed emphasis on marriage and the nuclear family-- which lent it power since it was the sole dispenser of marriage.
44
(T/F) In 789AD a Frankish Church Council declared marriage was soluble and concubines were allowed
False, council declared marriage was indissoluble and concubinage was disallowed
45
(T/F) The Church-imposed nuclear family gave women more security than the kinship-system had
True
46
(T/F) The advent of the nuclear family lead to rapid population growth
True
47
(T/F) Carolingians had food in surplus
False, harvest ratio was barely 2:1 and any surplus went to local lords and land owners
48
(T/F) attempts at Christianizing the barbarians led to Christo-pagan syncretism
True
49
Describe the Greek/Roman brand of intellectualism
Reflective, seeking knowledge for the benefit of mankind
50
Describe the Norse/German brand of intellectualism
Pragmatic, based on inquiry and intuition
51
What was the concern of the Filioque Controversy?
Does the Spirit proceed from both the Father and the Son? Or from the Father THROUGH the Son?
52
Who were the parties to the Filioque Controversy?
The Eastern Church vs. the Western Church
53
Where did the Filioque come from?
It was inserted into the Latin Church's Nicene Creed to counter the Arian Christianity of the Goths, and to signal the change of the Visigoths from Arianism to Catholicism.
54
What Synod officially approved the Filioque for the Western Church under Charlemagne?
The Synod at Aachen in 809AD
55
(T/F) The Eastern Church ultimately rejected the filioque
True, they could accept saying 'From the Father through the Son' but could not say that the Spirit proceeded directly through the Son
56
What was the concern of the Monothelete Controversy?
Did Jesus act with one will (divine), or two wills (human and divine)?
57
Who were the parties to the Monothelete Controversy?
The Eastern Church vs. the Western Church
58
At what counsel was the Monothelete Controversy resolved?
The Sixth Ecumenical Counsel, 680-681AD | both Eastern and Western churches ultimately agreed that Jesus had two wills
59
What was the concern of the Predestinarian Controversy?
Are those not predestined to life, predestined to death? (Double predestination)
60
Who were the parties to the Predestinarian Controversy?
Gottschalk, a former Spanish monk Vs. the findings of the Council of Orange, 529AD, *particularly Abbot Raban Maur and Hincmar, Archbishop of Rheims.
61
What was the end result of the Predestinarian Controversy?
The Counsel of Orange affirmed that God foreknows the sin of those who are not elect, but they denied that He foreordains it. Gottschalk was ultimately expelled from the lands of Louis the German and imprisoned in a monastery where he died.
62
What was the concern of the Eucharistic Controversy?
Transubstantiation-- is the Eucharist the actual body and blood of Christ?
63
Who were the parties to the Eucharistic Controversy?
Radbertus and Raban Maur
64
What was the end result of the Eucharistic Controversy?
Radbertus argued for the miraculous transubstantiation of the Eucharistic elements, while Raban Maur held to what is now referred to as the 'real presence' view. There was never an official conclusion to the issue.
65
What was the concern of the Iconoclastic Controversy?
What is the proper use of images in Christian worship?
66
What was the time frame of the Iconoclastic Controversy?
It began in 726AD and lasted until 843AD
67
What emperor launched an attack on icons in an attempt to exercise political control over the Church?
Emperor Leo III
68
(T/F) Some people had emotional attachment to icons, while others saw them as idolatry
True
69
What groups of people defended icons the most fiercely?
Women and those of Greek heritage
70
(T/F) Iconoclasts forbade all forms of visual art
False, Iconoclasts encouraged art of animals, nature, objects, etc.
71
What did those who loved icons accuse the iconoclasts of being?
Monophysites, those who deny the reality of the incarnation. They argued that by refusing to depict the incarnate Jesus they denied the incarnation.
72
What was the result of Emperor Leo III's iconoclastic edict in 725AD?
Emperor Leo III issued an edict against icons which resulted in the destruction of a widely venerated icon of Christ, causing massive riots
73
What ecumenical counsel approved the use of icons?
The Seventh Ecumenical Council in 787AD— it approved the use of icons, but regulated the manner in which they could be used.
74
(T/F) the findings of the Seventh Ecumenical Council were accepted Church-wide
False, The council’s decision not universally accepted and even ignored in the West until the 11th century. In the East, the struggle continued more mildly than before until Empress Theodora restored use in 843. The day they were restored, for the final time, is still celebrated in the East as Feast of Orthodoxy.
75
Why did the Carolingian empire collapse?
Not enough trade ties, poor communication, no central military, and Charlemagne's heirs were inadequate
76
What divided the Carolingian Empire?
Landowners became essentially self-sufficient, becoming tribal rather than having fidelity to a king
77
What is Feudalism?
It identified the class of “chiefs” with class of professional warriors.
78
What developments were there to the western world 50-60 years after the dismemberment of the Carolingian empire?
Popes assumed new positions of power, banks created, middle class became a thing, new farming methods, markets and towns created
79
What is the Investiture struggle?
Who has the right to choose a pope?
80
Who was the Carolingian empire divided between? (Louis the Pius's sons)
Johnathon, Louis the German, and Charles
81
Otto the Great
First Holy Roman Emperor
82
John XII and Otto III were buddies right?
NO
83
What was the cluny reform movement?
Look I don't know either
84
Gregory VII and Hildebrand are the same person
Just wanted you to know that also he wanted to stamp out simony which is passing down church positions hereditarily
85
1122 Concordat of Worms
You cant buy clergy positions and also ya gotta elect bishops in front of the Emperor
86
What's that book Anselm Wrote
Cur Deus Homo
87
What's that book Abelard Wrote
Yes & No
88
What's that book Tommy boi Wrote
Summa Theologica
89
Who were the Cistercians?
Rural, white robed monks. Very popular and known for minimalist worship regalia.
90
Who were the Dominicans?
Missionally-oriented black robed begging friars, founded by St. Dominic.
91
Who were the Franciscans?
Ascetic, gray robed begging friars, not highly educated but worked with nature and natural medicine.
92
Who were the Augustinians?
Followed Augustine of Hippo, highly theologically trained; Luther came from this group.
93
Explain the Abigenses reform movement
Heretical, Anti-Catholic, heavy purity doctrine, preached in the common language, dualistic, held to reincarnation, rejected some of the OT, and rejected that Christ had a physical body.
94
Explain the Waldenses reform movement
Evangelical, founded by a wealthy silk merchant, sold bibles, missionary focus, taught pope was evil, allowed women to preach
95
What was the "Babylonian Captivity" ie the Avegnonian Papacy?
The Pope moves to France
96
What went down between Pope Edward I(Boniface VIII) and King Philip IV
They got into a spat bc the king wanted to tax clergy to support his war efforts but the pope wanted to control whether clergy paid taxes or not. The Clergy rly wanted to pay taxed. Eventually pope gives in and says the king can tax clergy without approval in an emergency. King Philip also wanted the pope to step down for heresy and sexual misconduct. Pope tried to excommunicate king, but the king had an army. Oops.
97
What's the Great Schism?
Well the pope moved to France but then Rome got a new pope and now there's two popes who need double financial support from the Church. At some point theres also three popes btw, its pretty crazy
98
What was the Concillian Movement?
The arrangement of a counsel superior to the pope to decide issues of faith in a republican style. Emphasis on going back to biblical leadership.
99
Who was John Wycliff?
The guy who translated scripture into English, he claimed papal power had no basis in scripture, and that the Church was not necessary for salvation. He was a precursor to the reformation
100
Who were the Lollards?
Followers of John Wycliff. Their leaders were executed and they were almost completely wiped out
101
Who was John Hus?
We was an orthodox priest who denounced the sale of indulgences.
102
Define Humanism
A movement of intellectuals that try to arrive at the truth by studying original sources. Encourages scholarship and develops into the renaissance
103
Who started the Lutheran Reformation?
Martin Luther, Duh
104
Who started the German-Swiss Reformation?
Ulhrik Zwingli
105
Who started the Anglican Reformation?
John Calvin
106
Why did Luther make the Church so a n g e r y
He attacked not only Church practice, but Church doctrine
107
Who was it that triggered Luther to write the 95 Theses?
Johann Tenzel, who was selling rIDICULOUS indulgences

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