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Intro Bio-Organic Chemistry > Exam 2 Review Chapters 13-15 > Flashcards

Exam 2 Review Chapters 13-15 Flashcards

Review for Exam 2 with key points and skills (53 cards)

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1
Q

What does pyran mean?

A

Unsaturated ether ring of 6 atoms

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2
Q

What does furan mean?

A

Five-atom ring with an O

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3
Q

What is a dioxane?

A

Cyclic ether with 2 O and 6 atom ring

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4
Q

Which has a higher boiling point, an ether or an alcohol?, and why?

A

Alcohol, because of the polarity of the OH and the hydrogen bonding that occurs.

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5
Q

How many carbons can an alcohol have in order to be soluble in water?

A

1-4, 5?

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6
Q

How many carbons can an ether have in order to be soluble in water?

A

2-3

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7
Q

Dehydration of alcohols form what?

A

Alkene and water

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8
Q

What is Seytzeff’s rule?

A

The major product forms by removing the hydrogen from the carbon atom that has the smaller number of hydrogen atoms.

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9
Q

During dehydration when would an ether form?

A

When the temp is 130 C or less

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10
Q

Define Oxidation reaction

A

increase in the number of C-O bonds; loss of hydrogen, gain of oxygen

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11
Q

Define Reduction

A

fewer bonds between C-O

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12
Q

What is the product of a primary alcohol going through an oxidation reaction

A

aldehyde C=O

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13
Q

What is the product if an aldehyde is oxidized?

A

Carboxylic Acid HO-C=O (at the end)

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14
Q

What is the product of a secondary alcohol being oxidized?

A

Ketone C-C(=O)-C

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15
Q

What is the product of a tertiary alcohol being oxidized?

A

Nothing, resists oxidization because there are no hydrogens bonded to the carbon that holds the alcohol

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16
Q

What is the product of a thiol beinf oxidized?

A

Disulfide S-S

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17
Q

K2Cr2O7 and KMnO4 are

A

Strong Oxidizing agents

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18
Q

What is PCC

A

A weak oxidizing agent to catch the mechanisms of a reaction

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19
Q

NAD and NADH are to find what?

A

Where the specific hydrogens go first

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20
Q

What is a structural isomer?

A

Has the same amount of molecules, but different structures.

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21
Q

What is the ending for aldehydes

A

-al

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22
Q

what is the ending for alcohols

23
Q

An aldehyde + a benzene ring would be named what?

24
Q

What is the structure of Glucose?

Study These Flashcards
A

C6 LRLL (OH Groups)

25
What is the directional orientation of a D and L Sugar
D=Right; L=Left
26
-ane ending changes when a ketone by:
-anone
27
What has a higher boiling point, aldehydes and ketones, ether, or alkanes?
aldehydes and ketones; their dipole-dipole forces cause this. Alcohols are still higher.
28
How many carbons attached to the Carbonyl group can you have for it to be soluble?
1-4
29
Tollen's test is what?
Silver mirror; oxidization with 2Ag+
30
What is Benedict's test?
Blue solution Cu2+, added then heated, turns brick red if sugars are present
31
What reducing agents are used with aldehydes and ketones?
H2; NaBH4
32
Addition
Break pi bond; make 2 new sigma bonds
33
Substitution
Small group or atom
34
Elimination
Break 2 sigma bonds make a pi bond
35
Condensation
2 organic molecules to 1, loose small molecule (Usually H2O)
36
What do you get when an aldehyde or ketone reacts with an alcohol with a strong acid catalyst?
Acetals
37
acetal
semetrical
38
hemiacetal
intermediate; alcohol on one side
39
Cyclic hemiacetals form when?
The carbonyl group and the alcohol are on the same carbon chain
40
An example of a chiral object is
my hands
41
Stereoisomers
cis and trans not structural
42
What is Furanose
5 C ring
43
What is the structure of D-ribose
C6 RRR
44
What is the structural orientations of the Fischer productions
F R=HD; FL=HU
45
What is the big difference in fructose
carbonyl group on the 2nd carbon
46
what is an alpha sugar
first OH group is down
47
What is a beta sugar
first OH group is up
48
What is equilibrium for Beta and alpha?
B=64%; a=36%
49
Pyranose
6 ring with an O
50
What is the sure way to tell between acid/base and redox?
Net effect of the e- being pulled away from the C or C-O bonds vs. C-H bonds added and subtracted
51
Which of the following is NOT a reducing sugar Maltose, Lactose, Fructose, Glucose or Sucrose?
Sucrose
52
What are polysaccharides in animals called?
Glycogin
53
What are polysaccharides in plants called?
Amylose, Amylopectin, and Cellulose

Intro Bio-Organic Chemistry (1 decks)

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