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RUSVM Therio Practice Questions > Exam 2: Sheep and Goat Reproduction > Flashcards

Exam 2: Sheep and Goat Reproduction Flashcards

(84 cards)

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1
Q

Controlled kidding programs are seen in _____ goats

while year round kidding programs are seen in ______ goats

A

Controlled = meat

Year round = dairy

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2
Q

The buck is kept with the doe for ______ days

in controlled kidding programs

A

32 days

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3
Q

In goats and sheep,

puberty depends on _______ variation

A

breed

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4
Q

Body weight should be _____% of adult weight

before entering the breeding herd

A

60 - 70%

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5
Q

On PE, you cannot palpate the ______,

vaginoscopy only reaches to the cervix

A

uterus

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6
Q

Goats and sheep are

SHORT day breeders, which means they cycle

during this season

A

FALL

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7
Q

What is the age for puberty in goats and sheep?

A

5 - 15 months

(or >60% adult BW)

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8
Q

What factors affect onset of puberty?

A

Time of lambing

Nutrition

Breed

Ram Selection (SCROTAL SIZE)

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9
Q

______ is heritable:

For example, if a sheep was born a twin, offspring will

most likely be twins

A

Fecundity

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10
Q

Ages ________ years are the best lambing/kidding seasons

A

3 - 6 years

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11
Q

____% of 9-10 year old ewes still kid/lamb

A

80%

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12
Q

Sheep (Ewe) vs. Goat (Doe):

Shortest estrous cycle?

A

Sheep (ewe)

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13
Q

Sheep (Ewe) vs. Goat (Doe):

Length of estrous cycle in days

A

Sheep= 17d

Goat= 21d

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14
Q

Sheep (Ewe) vs. Goat (Doe):

Length of ESTRUS

A

Sheep= 30 hours

Goat= 36 hours

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15
Q

Sheep (Ewe) vs. Goat (Doe):

Length of gestation

A

Sheep- 147d

Goat- 150d

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16
Q

Sheep (Ewe) vs. Goat (Doe):

Location of P4 production

A

Sheep- PLACENTAL

Goat- CL DEPENDENT

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17
Q

Sheep (Ewe) vs. Goat (Doe):

Signs of estrus

A

Sheep- Vulvar swelling, anorexia

Goat- STANDS TO BE MOUNTED, tail wagging, bleating, pacing

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18
Q

The time period of the estrous cycle

where the CL is being formed

A

Metestrus

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19
Q

The time period in the estrus cycle where

the CL is MATURE and producing progesterone

A

Diestrus

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20
Q

How is breeding managed and monitored in sheep and goats?

A

vasectomized teaser ram/goat 14 days prior

wear a marking device harness that leaves a mark

on the females when they mount them to breed.

Change colors every 14 days.

Monitors who is cycling when and helps

stage when to breed

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21
Q

The conception rate is

______% for the first service

and

______% for the second service

A

65 - 80% (first service)

90% (second service)

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22
Q

Increasing the level of feed offered to breeding

small ruminants is known as

A

Flushing

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23
Q

When flushing breeding sheep and goats,

increase the nutrient uptake by ______%,

______ weeks prior to breeding

A

When flushing breeding sheep and goats,

increase the nutrient uptake by 20 - 30%,

2 - 3 weeks prior to breeding

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24
Q

When do you “flush” ewes and does?

A

2 - 3 weeks prior to breeding

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25
When do you "flush" rams?
8 weeks prior to spermatogenesis cycle (50d cycle)
26
In regards to reproductive manipulation, how do you shorten the *diestrus* phase?
Prostaglandin
27
In regards to reproductive manipulation, how do you *mimic* the diestrus phase?
Progesterone
28
In regards to reproductive manipulation, how do you synchronize the follicular wave?
GnRH
29
In small ruminants, reproductive manipulation is approached from the standpoint of \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
where the doe is in her cycle
30
What methods are utilized for reproductive manipulation in sheep and goats?
CIDR Prostaglandins GnRH Light manipulation (short-day breeders)
31
If the doe is in **anestrous**, how is reproduction manipulated?
Hormonal manipulation: PG, PGF2a, Gonadotropins, CIDRs
32
If the doe is in the transitional part of her cycle (beginning or end of breeding season), how is reproduction manipulated to initiate a cycle/come into heat?
BUCK or RAM EFFECT: Separate all females from males for **30 days**, then reintroduce the nastiest, smelliest male. *Will initiate a transitional effect and cycle*
33
When are CIDRs used most often?
During the transitional time frame
34
How long are CIDRs used for in sheep and goats?
**12 - 14 days** (double the time cows can have it)
35
Describe the steps of hormonal manipulation of an anestrous doe
Put in _CIDR (Progestin)_ for 12d Give _Gonadotropin_, Remove progestin source Give _Prostaglandin_. Estrus follows in **17 - 30 hours**
36
MGA (Melengesterol Acetate) is NOT LABELED for sheep and goats. Give for _______ days, then animals will go through a silent cycle before having a fertile cycle
14 days
37
Prostaglandins only work during breeding season because you must have a _______ for it to work
corpus luteum
38
How do you get females to cycle at the same speed using PROSTAGLANDINS?
Remove ram Give 2 doses (PGF2a or Cloprostenol) **9 days apart** Return ram- helps with ovulation
39
Maternal recognition of pregnancy is characterized by the presence of \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
interferon-tau
40
What type of placenta do sheep and goats have?
Cotyledonary EpithelioChorial
41
Why do we maintain sheep and goats at 2.5 - 3.0 BCS throughout pregnancy?
Helps to prevent pregnancy toxemia
42
A **vesicle** can be seen on ultrasound on days ________ transrectally
18 - 20
43
At what day can the fetal heartbeat be seen on transrectal ultrasound?
Day 25
44
At what day can placentomes be seen on *transabdominal* ultrasound?
Day 35
45
At what day can **skeletal structures** be seen on *transabdominal* ultrasound?
Day 60
46
What is "bagging up"?
**When udders start developing when pregnant.** Some may have full udders without being exposed to male, but LEAVE IT ALONE and DONT MILK THEM because they will just keep producing milk
47
At what day of gestation is bagging up seen?
100 days
48
When can you use *ballottement* to feel the baby?
100 days
49
At what day of gestation can you use xrays to confirm pregnancy?
Day 50
50
At what day of gestation can you use Laparotomy to confirm gestation?
Day 35
51
At what day of gestation can vaginal biopsy be used to confirm pregnancy?
Day 40
52
At what day of gestation can you use rectoabdominal palpation to diagnose pregnancy
70 - 110 days
53
Never use _______ assays to diagnose pregnancy
steroid
54
What is stage 1 of parturition
Uterine contractions (2 - 8 hours)
55
What happens during Stage 2 of parturition?
**Cervix stretched open** (30 minutes) Oxytocin released Abdominal press (20m - 2h) Newborn lamb stands (30m) and suckles (2hr)
56
What happens during Stage 3 of parturition?
Placenta normally expelled (2 - 4 hours)
57
Kidding and Lambing are normally uneventful; only \_\_\_\_% require assistance
3 - 5%
58
\_\_\_\_\_ minutes or more of contractions and failure to deliver fetus warrants intervention
30 minutes
59
What are the most common causes of dystocia in sheep and goats?
Fetal postural abnormalities (head back) Multiple fetuses trying to exit at the same time
60
Why are sleeves/gloves necessary when treating a dystocia?
Because MOST CAUSES OF ABORTION in sheep/goats are ZOONOTIC! (unlike in cows)
61
Failure of the cervix to completely dilate is known as
Ringwomb
62
Ringwomb, or the failure of the cervix to completely dilate, is common in the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_, and considered HERITABLE
ewe
63
Ringwomb, or the failure of the cervix to completely dilate, is treated by performing a \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
C-section
64
After parturition, always check for \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ in the doe
additional fetuses
65
What does meconium staining indicate if seen in a newborn?
Stressed animal
66
In a newborn, dip the navel in \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ and give COLOSTRUM
7% iodine
67
Postpartum, _uterine involution_ takes ______ days, and 10% go into non-fertile estrus within 48 hours
uterine involution takes **30 days**
68
Periparturient diseases are generally more common in \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
SHEEP
69
What are the risk factors for pregnancy toxemia, which occurs during the final trimester of pregnancy
Multiple fetuses Negative energy balance Obese or extremely thin
70
Twin pregnancy requires \_\_\_\_\_\_% more energy than single births
180%
71
Pregnancy with triplets requires \_\_\_\_\_\_% more energy than single births
240%
72
What are the clinical signs of pregnancy toxemia?
Depression, recumbency, tremors, bruxism, staggering, ketonuria. Stargazing (neuro sign) in severe cases
73
How do you treat pregnancy toxemia?
Remove fetuses Glucose or 50% Dextrose IV (given with Insulin) Propylene glycol B vitamins Transfaunation
74
In regards to treatment of pregnancy toxemia, how is parturition induced if near the end of term in SHEEP?
**15 - 18 mg Dexamethasone IM** | (75% born in 36 hours)
75
In regards to treatment of pregnancy toxemia, how is parturition induced if near the end of term in GOATS?
**15 mg PGF + 15 mg Dexamethasone** (25 mg PGF and 25 mg Dex to induce in COWS)
76
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_is the transfer of one animal's digestive flora into another animal, and is one method of treating pregnancy toxemia
Transfaunation
77
How is pregnancy toxemia prevented?
Maintaining good level of nutrition year round ID animals with multiple fetuses and supplement feed Spot check herds for urine ketones
78
Vaginal prolapse is seen in SHEEP and occurs pre-partum. What are the causes of vaginal prolapse?
CLOVERS (Estrogen plants) TAIL DOCKING (If proximal to coccygeal nerve 6) GENETICS Obesity Multiple fetuses
79
How is vaginal prolapse in the ewe treated?
Replacement Retainment (Plastic Prolapse Retainer- animal can still lamb) Cull
80
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ prolapse is seen in EWES, while \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ prolapse is seen in Ewes AND Does
Vaginal prolapse- Ewes Uterine prolapse- Ewes and Does
81
The placenta should be expelled by ______ hours, otherwise are known as retained fetal membranes
6 hours
82
If the placenta is not expelled by 6 hours, these retained fetal membranes can be treated using which 2 drugs
Oxytocin PGF2a
83
What are the predisposing factors for metritis and endometritis in sheep and goats?
DAIRY goats Retained fetal membranes Dystocia Abortions
84
How is metritis and endometritis treated in sheep and goats?
Antibiotics Ecbolics NSAIDS IV Fluids

RUSVM Therio Practice Questions (21 decks)

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