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Adult Care 1 > Exam 2 study > Flashcards

Exam 2 study Flashcards

1
Q

What is the Endocrine System?

A

Collection of glands that secrete hormones.
Pituitary, thyroid, pancreas, Adrenals

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2
Q

Posterior Pituitary Hormone

A

ADH and Oxytocin

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3
Q

Anterior Pituitary Hormone

A

ACTH, TSH, GH, PRL, FSH, LH, MSH

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4
Q

What is a negative feedback loop?

A

Causes a system to change in the opposite direction from which it is moving.

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5
Q

Hypopituitarism

A

Deficiency of pituitary gland hormones

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6
Q

Hyperpituitarism

A

Excess secretion of pituitary gland hormones
Causes: Acromegaly when > GH occurs after puberty

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7
Q

Acromegaly

A

abnormal enlargement of the extremities that is caused by excessive secretion of growth hormone after puberty

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8
Q

Acromegaly Symptoms

A

Coarse facial features
Enlargement of small bones
Protruding Jaw
Slanting Forehead

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9
Q

Cushing’s disease

A

Elevated cortisol
Moon face, buffalo hump, hyperglycemia, easy bruising, hypertension

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10
Q

Hyperthyroidism

A

Overactive thyroid gland, Low TSH, high T3 & T4

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11
Q

Hyperthyroidism Symptoms

A

heat intolerance, fine, straight hair, bulging eyes, tachycardia, weight loss, muscle wasting, facial flushing, tremors, diarrhea, menstrual changes

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12
Q

Graves Disease

A

An autoimmune disorder that is caused by hyperthyroidism and is characterized by goiter and/or exophthalmos

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13
Q

Dietary recommendations for hyperthyroidism

A
  • no iodized salt
    -unsalted foods
    -Fresh fruits
    -no caffeine
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14
Q

What is Hypothyroidism?

A

Underactive thyroid gland
high TSH, Low T3 & T4

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15
Q

Hypothyroidism symptoms

A

Intolerance to cold, receding hairline, facial and eyelid edema, thick tongue, slow speech, anorexia, dry skin, hair loss, apathy, fatigue, muscle aches/ weakness

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16
Q

Myxedema coma S/S

A

Hypothermia, <HR, <RR, decreased pulse pressure, periorbital swelling

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17
Q

Thyroiditis

A

Inflammation of the thyroid gland; may lead to chronic hypothyroidism or may resolve spontaneously

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18
Q

Thyroid Cancer

A

Malignant tumor of the thyroid gland adenoma

19
Q

Thyroid Storm

A

A relatively rare, life-threatening condition caused by exaggerated hyperthyroidism

20
Q

Thyroid Storm S/S

A

Tachycardia, arrhythmias, heart failure, hypotension, hyperpyrexia, delirium, psychosis, stupor, coma, hepatic failure

21
Q

Hyperparathyroidism

A

Excess secretion of parathyroid hormone, Hypercalcemia, hypophosphatemia, OSTEOPOROSIS

22
Q

Hypoparathyroidism

A

deficient production of parathyroid hormone, hypocalcemia, hyperphosphatemia, CHVOSTEK’S and TRUESSUES

23
Q

Radioactive iodine therapy

A

-Contraindicated in pts who are pregnant, monitory for hypothyroidism (edema, intolerance to cold, bradycardic, weight gain), effects of therapy might not be evident for 6-8 wks, continue to take meds as directed, precautions for radiation exposure to others

24
Q

Hypophysectomy

A

Surgical removal of pituitary gland. POST-OP: Monitor dressing for CSF. Use stool softeners and antitussives to prevent straining

25
Q

Thyroidectomy

A

Surgical removal of the thyroid gland to treat persistent hyperthyroidism of thyroid tumors.

26
Q

Parathyroidectomy

A

The surgical removal of one or more of the parathyroid glands

27
Q

Pathophysiology of DM

A

Abnormalities in the body’s handling of glucose in diabetes

28
Q

Risk factors for DM

A

overweight, family history, ethnicity, HTN, gestational diabetes, age, viruses, lifestyle, disease of pancreas

29
Q

Type 1 Diabetes

A

Autoimmune destruction of pancreatic beta cells (low insulin production)

30
Q

Type 2 Diabetes

A

Insulin resistance and impaired insulin secretion

31
Q

Metabolic syndrome

A

A syndrome marked by the presence of usually three or more of a group of factors that are linked to increase risk of cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes

32
Q

Metabolic syndrome factors

A

High blood pressure, abdominal obesity, high triglyceride levels, low HDL levels, and high fasting levels of blood sugar

33
Q

Diabetic Foot care

A
  • Nailcare: Podiatrist, cut nail straight across,
    -Wear clean cotton socks/closed shoes
  • do not soak feet or wear ointments
34
Q

Lab Values for diabetes

A

A1C:
Normal- 5.7 and below
Pre- 5.7-6.4
Diabetic- >6.4
FPG:
normal: <100
Pre: 100-126
Diabetic: >126
OGTT:
normal: <140
Pre: 140-200
Diabetic >200

35
Q

Insulin administration

A

injection areas: abdomen, thigh, and hips
Rotate injection sites and 1.5 inches apart
don’t rub site
45-90 degree angle and leave for 5 seconds

36
Q

Blood glucose monitoring

A

The ongoing measurement of blood sugar (glucose). Monitoring can be done at any time using a portable device called a glucometer

37
Q

Oral diabetic medications

A

Metformin, Glipizide, Repaglinide, Acarbose

38
Q

Complications of diabetes

A

Blindness, Kidney Failure, poor wound healing, amputations of the extremities

39
Q

Hypoglycemia

A

Abnormally low level of sugar in the blood

40
Q

Hyperglycemia

A

High blood sugar levels

41
Q

DKA

A

Acetone and keytones increase
Once treated expect potassium to drop have K+ ready

42
Q

HHS

A

HHS is a hyperglycemic crisis that most often occurs in type 2 and is due to some type of severe stress.

43
Q

HHS Symptoms

A

BG> 600 mg/dL, high serum osmolality > 320 mOsm/L, extreme dehydration, altered consciousness, pH > 7.3, elevated bicarbonate > 18 mEg/ L, risk of seizure

44
Q

Dietary and exercise information

A

Lower sugars and fat consumed, low impact exercise (15-30 min/ day)

Adult Care 1 (1 decks)

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