Exam 2 Study Guide

Question 1

Precautions to ROM and muscle length

Answer 1

Joint dislocation or subluxation
Unstable bone fracture
Rupture of tendon or ligament
Infectious or acute inflammatory process
Severe osteoporosis
Acute injury or recent surgery
Presence of pain or muscle spasms
Immobilized joints (e.g., cast)

Question 2

Capsular patterns of restricted motion

Answer 2

particular pattern of restriction involving all or most of the passive motions of the joint

Question 3

Noncapsular patterns of restricted motion

Answer 3

limitation of passive motion that is not proportioned similarly to a capsular pattern

Question 4

functional shoulder flexion

Answer 4

148 degrees (reaching on high shelf)

Question 5

Functional shoulder flexion and lateral rotation for hair hygiene

Answer 5

112 degrees of abduction, 50 degrees of lateral rotation

Question 6

Functional shoulder and elbow flexion for feeding

Answer 6

36-52 degrees of shoulder flexion, 110 degrees elbow flexion

Question 7

Functional extension and medial rotation bra fastening

Answer 7

56 degrees of extension, 69 degrees horizontal abduction, 70 degrees of medial rotation

Question 8

four main types of validity

Answer 8

face, content, criterion-related, and construct validity

Question 9

Face Validity

Answer 9

Indicates that the instrument generally appears to measure what it is intended to measure

Question 10

Content Validity

Answer 10

whether a test is representative of all aspects of the construct.

Question 11

Criterion-Related Validity

Answer 11

Justifies validity of the measuring instrument by comparing measurements made with the instrument to a well-established gold standard of measurement—the criterion

Question 12

Concurrent Validity

Answer 12

Measurements are taken with the instrument and the criterion at approximately the same time

Question 13

Construct Validity

Answer 13

ensuring that the method of measurement matches the construct you want to measure

Ability of an instrument to measure an abstract concept (construct) or to be used to make an inferred interpretation

Question 14

True biological variation

Answer 14

refers to variation in measurements from one individual to another, caused by factors such as age, sex, race, genetics, medical history, and condition.

Question 15

Temporal variation

Answer 15

refers to variation in measurements made on the same individual at different times, caused by changes in factors such as a person’s health status, activity level, emotional state, and circadian rhythms.

Question 16

Clinical measurements may be affected by three main sources of variation

Answer 16

true biological variation, temporal variation, measurement error