Exam 2 Study Guide

Question 0

What is radioactive decay?

Answer 0

Decay of unstable isotopes to stable Isotopes

Question 1

What are isotopes?

Answer 1

Same number of protons, different number of neutrons

Question 2

What is a half-life?

Answer 2

The amount of time it takes for half of the percent isotopes (unstable) to decay

Question 3

How old is the earth?

Answer 3

4.65 billion years

Question 4

What is the age of the earth based on?

Answer 4

Meteorites

Question 5

How did the earth form?

Answer 5

Clumping together of material from the Big Bang

Question 6

What are the different types of radioactive decay?

Answer 6

Alpha, beta, electron capture

Question 7

What method is used to date younger events versus older events?

Answer 7

Younger is carbon 14 up to 70,000 years

Older stuff argon-argon, potassium-argon, uranium- thorium

Question 8

What was the beagle in relation to Darwin?

Answer 8

Ship he sailed on

Question 9

How did john jolly attempt to determine the age of the earth?

Answer 9

Salinity of the sea

Question 10

How did lord kelvin attempt to calculate the age of the earth?

Answer 10

Cooling of the earth

Question 11

What is Antoine Henri-Becquerel associated with?

Answer 11

First to note radioactive decay

Question 12

Why are unstable isotopes useful for dating rocks?

Answer 12

Decay at a steady rate

Question 13

According to young earthers, how old is the earth?

Answer 13

6017 years

Question 14

Who calculated the age of the young earth?

Answer 14

Bishop ussher

Question 15

What is catastrophism?

Answer 15

States that earth was created by a series of catastrophe allows for young earth physics has changed

Question 16

What is the approximate age of the universe?

Answer 16

13-15 billion years old

Question 17

What is a trace fossil?

Answer 17

Evidence that an organism was there. Ex. Coprolite, foot print, burrow, nest, track way

Question 18

How was the moon formed?

Answer 18

A large mars size planet hit earth and splash debris into space which coalesced into the moon.

Question 19

How did the universe form?

Answer 19

From a singularity that began expanding (Big Bang)

Question 20

Compare and contrast relative dating and absolute dating

Answer 20

Relative dating puta things in a sequence.

Absolute(numerical) assign an age in numbers

Question 21

What did Darwin’s finches and tortoises display that contributed to evolutionary theory?

Answer 21

A) finishes had variety of beaks types based on the environment in which they lived.
B) tortoises had a variety of shell and neck morphology based on the environment in which they lived; area with high shrubs had tortoises with long necks.

Question 22

What are vestigial organs?

Answer 22

Organ that do not serve a purpose but may have at some point in the past. Ex. Appendix in humans, legs on a skinks, femur in whales

Question 23

What drive evolution?

Answer 23

Mutation

Question 24

What is natural selection?

Answer 24

Nature selects the strong most viable species survival of the fittest.

Question 25

What was the tile of Darwin's book and when was it published?

Answer 25

On the Origin of the Species 1859

Question 26

What is homology?

Answer 26

Different species have similar or same traits. Ex. Radius and ulna in humans, bat, whales, horses.

Question 27

Key components of natural selection.

Answer 27

A) all organisms exhibit variability B) more offsprings than survive C) individual most suited to their environment survive, those less suited fail to reproduce D) the characteristic of the strongest are passed on

Question 28

What is Speciation?

Answer 28

Origin of new species from two preexisting species and must produce viable offspring.

Question 29

What is evolutionary convergence?

Answer 29

Evolution of similar forms in two or more biological groups

Question 30

What is extinction?

Answer 30

Loss of a species

Question 31

What is mass extinction?

Answer 31

Significant number of species die off in a short period of time.

Question 32

What is cope's rules?

Answer 32

Body size increase during evolution

Question 33

What is dollo's law?

Answer 33

Evolution does not reverse

Question 34

What are the geological principles?

Answer 34

Super position, cross cutting, age of inclusion, biological succession, original horizontally, unconformity (gap in rock record)

Question 35

What types of rocks can be dated?

Answer 35

Igneous

Question 36

What are the three main eras?

Answer 36

Paleozoic, Mesozoic, and Cenozoic

Question 37

How was the geologic time scales originally constructed?

Answer 37

Base on observation and relative age dating

Question 38

How old must something be in order to be considered a fossil?

Answer 38

20,000 years

Question 39

What are altered vs unaltered remains?

Answer 39

Altered remains: had been changed | Unaltered: no change to original material

Question 40

What are types of unaltered fossils?

Answer 40

Freezing, tar impregnation, amber entombment

Question 41

What are types of altered remains?

Answer 41

Replacement, recrystallization, permineralization

Question 42

What types of fossils have been found in California?

Answer 42

Trilobites, sharks, plesiosaurs, mosasaurs, giant short faced bear, saber toothed cat, direr wolf, mammoths, hadrosaur