Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Life in the Ocean > Exam 2 Study Guide > Flashcards

Exam 2 Study Guide Flashcards

Vocabulary Terms Chapter 7 through 9 (91 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

What percentage of animals are invertebrates?

A

97%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Diploid organisms

A

two complete sets of chromosomes with each parent contributing a chromosome to each pair

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Heterotrophic

A

Deriving nutrition from organic substances

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Three Types of Symmetry (body plan)

A
  1. Radial - equal parts radiate from central point
  2. Bilateral - divided into about equal left and right halves
  3. Asymmetrical - no symmetry
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Porifera

A

Sponges

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Sessile

A

non-motile and living attached

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Ostia

A

tiny spores on sponges that allow water to pass through
(Water movement allows for filter feeding on plankton, dissolving material in water, carrying metabolites (waste) away, and carrying gametes)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Asexual budding

A

form of asexual reproduction; cell cluster fragments from original sponge to begin new area

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Broadcast spawning

A

sperm released into nearby water

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Two forms of Structural Support for Porifera (Sponges)

A
  1. Sponging - support protein
  2. Spicules - support structures of various shapes
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Choanocytes (Collar Cells)

A

line interior canals of Porifera body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Pinacocytes

A

Flattened cells covering the exterior of Porifera body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Phorocytes

A

Cells with a pore to allow water to pass into the Porifera body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Cnidarians

A

Stinging Animals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Cnidocytes (Stinging Cells)

A

stinging cells possessed by Cnidarians with nametocysts capsules on tenctacles for protection and feeding

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Medusa body form

A

free-floating, transported by water currents, downward mouth and tentacles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Polyp body form

A

sessile, upward mouth and tentacles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Epidermis

A

tissue layer that covers body surface

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Gastrodermis

A

tissue layer that lines internal body cavity, specialized for digestion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Three Classifications of Cnidarians

A
  1. Scyphozoan - True Jellyfish
  2. Anthozoa - Corals, Anemones, Sea Fans, Sea Whips, Sea Pansy
  3. Hydrozoa
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Scyphozoan

A

True Jellyfish

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Anthozoa

A

Corals, Anemones, Sea Fans, Sea Whips, Sea Pansy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Hydrozoa

A

classification of Cnidarian

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Ctenophores

A

Comb Jellies

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Three Classifications of Flatworms
1. Turbellarians 2. Flukes 3. Tapeworms
26
First Brain
cluster of nervous tissues in head (of Flatworms)
27
Proboscis
long, fleshy tube to entangle prey
28
Nematodes
Round Worms
29
Annelids
Segmented Worms
30
Setae
bristle-like structures that extend from the sides of each segment to help stay in place (in most Annelids except leeches)
31
Four Classifications of Annelids (Segmented Worms)
1. Polychaetas 2. Leeches 3. Oligochaetes 4. Pogonophora (bearded worms)
32
Sipuncula
Peanut Worms
33
Echurians
phylum of deposit feeders, sometimes classified with annelids
34
Two classifications of Bryozoans
1. Phoronids 2. Brachiopods
35
Lophophore
feeding structure; an extension of the body wall that ends in tentacled structure that surrounds the mouth
36
4 Classes of Molluscs
1. Chiton 2. Bivalve 3. Gastropods 4. Cephalopods
37
Umbo
oldest part of shell; shell grows from umbo in concentric rings
38
Nudibranch
shell-less sea slugs, part of Gastropod class of Molluscs
39
What percentage of earth's animals are arthropods?
75%
40
Chitin Exoskeleton
hard, light, moderately flexible
41
Molting
Arthropods shed shell to grow
42
Four Classes of Arthropods
1. Crustaceans 2. Horseshoe Crabs 3. Sea Spiders 4. Sea Insects
43
Chaetognath
Arrow Worms
44
5 Classes of Echinoderms
1. Sea Stars 2. Brittle Stars 3. Sea Urchins, Sea Biscuits, Sand Dollars 4. Crinoids 5. Sea Cucumber
45
Test
rigid plate fused into solid structure (sea in Echinoderms like Sea Urchins)
46
Aristotle's Lantern
feeding structure of muscles and mouthpieces
47
Two Types of Invertebrate Chordata
1. Tunicates ("sea squirts" 2. Lancelets
48
Notochord
nerve cord support
49
Agnatha
Jawless Fish
50
Two Classes of Agnatha (Jawless Fish)
1. Lamprey 2. Hagfish
51
Chondrichthyes
Cartilaginous fish
52
Spiracles
openings on heads of more advanced fish to bring in water for respiration
53
Organ of Lorenzini
sensory organ to detect electrical currents to detect nearby organisms if hidden
54
Three types of Reproduction
1. Vivipary - live birth 2. Oviparity - lay egg cases 3. Ovoviviparity - egg hatches in the female and young are expelled from the female's reproductive tract
55
Types of Chondrichthyes (Cartilaginous Fish)
1. Sharks 2. Skates 3. Rays 4. Ratfish
56
Demersal
organisms that lay at ocean bottom and partially cover themselves in sand
57
Homocercal tail
two equal-sized lobes for forward thrust
58
Countershading
ventral area lighter than dorsal area
59
Cryptic Coloration
camouflage in environment
60
Warning coloration
indicates bad taste or poisonous
61
Fish seen from Above coloration
dorsal area darker to blend in with ocean bottom
62
Fish seen from below coloration
Ventral area lighter to blend in with ocean surface
63
Two Types of Mouth Position for Fish
1. Forward Facing - predator fish 2. Downward Facing - bottom feeding
64
Osmoregulation
process of managing internal water and solute balance
65
Olfactory Sacs
for smelling
66
Lateral line systems
series of pores and canals lined with neuromasts cells that detect vibrations which indicate positions of other fish
67
Nictitating Membrane
cover eyes for protection (seen in some sharks)
68
Anadromous species
live in saltwater but travel to freshwater for reproduction
69
Catadromous species
live in freshwater but travel to saltwater for reproduction
70
Internal Fertilization
form of reproduction; sperm is inserted into female by male
71
Hemaphroditic
organism possess male and female reproductive organs
72
Simultaneous Hermaphrodite
possess male and female structures at same time, more rare (than sequential hermaphrodites)
73
Sequential Hermaphrodites
possess male and female reproductive structures at different times during life
74
Protandry
sequential hermaphrodite; first male and then female
75
Protogyny
sequential hermaphrodite; first female then male
76
Parthenogenic
young develop from unfertilized egg of female without DNA from male; young are "clones" of female; rare
77
Four Classes of Marine Reptiles
1. Sea Snakes 2. Sea Turtles 3. Marine Iguanas 4. Saltwater Crocodiles
78
Carapace and Plastron
Structure of Sea Turtle shell Carapace - upper shell Plastron - lower shell
79
Poikilothermic
body temperature fluctuates with environment
80
Ectothermic
cold-blooded
81
Pivotal temperature
Temperature of sea turtle egg incubation environment which generates 50% males and 50% females
82
Four Classes of Marine Mammals
1. Pinnipedian 2. Carnivora 3. Sirenia 4. Cetacea
83
Pinnipedian
Classification of Mammals; sea turtles, sea lions, walruses
84
Carnivora
classification of mammals; sea otters, polar bears
85
Sirenia
Classification of mammals; dugong and manatees
86
Cetacea
classification of mammals; whales, dolphins, porpoises
87
Apneustic breathing
rapid breathing prior to dive; adaptation for diving
88
Bradycardia
heart rate slows dramatically during dive; adaptation for diving
89
Breaching
jumping out of water and crashing back into water on back
90
Spy-hopping
holding body out of water
91
Mass strandings
animals beach themselves (sometimes by following sick or injured animals to shore

Life in the Ocean (2 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions