Exam 2 study guide

Question 1

planets

Answer 1

mercury, venus, earth, mars, jupiter, saturn, uranus, neptune

Question 2

solar systems inventory

Answer 2

one star, 8 planets, 200+ moons, asteroids, comets, meteoroids, dwarf planets, kuiper belt objects

Question 3

terrestrial planets are made of…

Answer 3

small, rocky, metallic
made of rock (silicon) and iron
high density

Question 3

99.8% of Solar Systems mass is

Answer 3

the sun

Question 4

Earths composition

Answer 4

R: 6400 km
D: 5000 kg/m^3 (5x density of water)
thick atmosphere mostly nitrogen and oxygen
active volcanoes & plate tectonics
magnetic field

Question 5

jovian planets are made of…

Answer 5

large, gaseous, or liquid/ice
made of gases (hydrogen, helium, methane, water, ammonia)
lower density

Question 6

early astronomers knew

Answer 6

sun, moon, mercury, venus, mars, jupiter, saturn, comets, meteors and stars

Question 7

solar system now

Answer 7

1 star, 8 planets, 293 moons, asteroids, comets, meteoroids, dwarf planet, kuiper belt objects

Question 8

planetary orbits are all nearly in the same plane (T/F)

Answer 8

true

Question 8

what direction do planets orbit?

Answer 8

W to E along the ecliptic

Question 9

nearly all mass is in the sun (T/F)

Answer 9

true

Question 10

formula of density

Answer 10

Density = Mass / Volume

Question 11

mercury

Answer 11

R: 2400km
Mass: 5% of earth
D: 5400kg/m^3
no atmosphere/volcanoes
has a magnetic field

Question 12

venus

Answer 12

R: 6100km
Mass: 82% of earth
D: 5300kg/m^3
thick atmosphere
hottest surface temp
volcanic features but indirect evidence of activity

Question 13

earth

Answer 13

R: 6400km
D: 5000kg/m^3
this atmosphere mostly nitrogen and oxygen
active volcanoes and plate tectonics
magnetic field

Question 14

earths atmosphere composition is mainly…

Answer 14

nitrogen and oxygen

Question 15

carbon dioxide and water vapor contribute to earths greenhouse effect (T/F)

Answer 15

true

Question 16

a high speed collision in early solar system is believed to have been the reason the moon was formed (T/F)

Answer 16

true

Question 17

pangea was ____ million years ago and about ____ million it began to broke apart

Answer 17

260, 225

Question 18

plate tectonics are driven by motion of magma in earths mantle (T/F)

Answer 18

true

Question 19

mars

Answer 19

R: 3400km
Mass: 10% earth
D: 3900 kg/m^3
thin atmosphere
extinct volcanoes
weak magnetic field

Question 20

olympus mons is on mars and the largest volcano in the solar system (T/F)

Answer 20

true

Question 21

jupiter

Answer 21

R: 70,000 km (largest in solar system)
Mass: 300x earth
D: 1300 kg/m^3
composed of mostly hydrogen and helium
no surface
strong magnetic field

Question 22

jupiter rotates in 10 hours (T/F)

Answer 22

true

Question 23

jupiter gives off twice as much heat as it received from the sun (T/F)

Answer 23

true

Question 24

transportation of this heat drives convection in the metallic hydrogen mantle producing a strong magnetic field (T/F)

Answer 24

true

Question 25

moons of jupiter

Answer 25

I’m, Europa, Ganymede, Callisto

Question 26

Io, Europa, Ganymede, Callisto

Question 27

Io

Answer 27

closest to J, most volcanically active body in solar system surface is very new, no new craters

Question 28

Ios volcanoes are powered by...

Answer 28

Tides

Question 29

Saturn

Answer 29

R: 9x earth Mass: 100x earth D: 700kg/m^3 composed of hydrogen and heluim no surface strong magnetic field

Question 30

Saturn would float (T/F)

Answer 30

True

Question 31

Saturn gives off 3x more heat than it receives from the sun (T/F)

Answer 31

True

Question 32

Saturn has helium rain (T/F)

Answer 32

true

Question 33

titan is Saturns largest moon and the second largest moon in the solar system (T/F)

Answer 33

True

Question 34

titan has seas and lakes of _____

Answer 34

methane

Question 35

Uranus

Answer 35

R: 4x earth Mass: 15x earth featureless

Question 36

Uranus rotates on its side (T/F)

Answer 36

true

Question 37

Neptune

Answer 37

R: 4x earth Mass: 17x earth has band of clouds

Question 38

Neptunes great dark spot is a.....

Answer 38

large storm

Question 39

all 4 jovian planets have rings (T/F)

Answer 39

true

Question 40

rings are probably made of...

Answer 40

material too close to the planet to condense in a moon or debris of a moon destroyed by impact or tidal forces

Question 41

plutoids

Answer 41

small icy bodies, the size of dwarf planets in the kuiper belt

Question 42

where is the kuiper belt?

Answer 42

extends from orbit of neptune (20AU) to 50 AU from the sun

Question 43

Eris is the most massive object in the Kuiper belt (T/F)

Answer 43

true, pluto is second

Question 44

where is the asteroid belt?

Answer 44

between mars and jupiter

Question 45

asteroids

Answer 45

rocky bodies held together by gravity

Question 46

comets

Answer 46

icy bodies made of rocks, water ice, frozen methane, frozen ammonia, frozen carbon dioxide

Question 47

commets originate beyond the orbit of pluto in the...

Answer 47

oort cloud

Question 48

comet tails always point....

Answer 48

away from the sun

Question 49

comet tail points away from the sun because of solar wind

Answer 49

ion tail

Question 50

the ____ tail points away from the sun but dust particles are more massive and leave a curved tail

Answer 50

dust tail

Question 51

what are meteor showers?

Answer 51

debris left over with a comet break up

Question 52

meteoroids

Answer 52

small rocks in space

Question 53

what are meteors?

Answer 53

if they enter earths atmosphere and burn up

Question 54

meteorites are...

Answer 54

meteors that penetrate the atmosphere and hit the ground

Question 55

formation sequence for terrestrial planets

Answer 55

collapse, condensation, accretion, clearing

Question 56

the solar nebular hypothesis discusses the formation of the sun and the planets (T/F)

Answer 56

true

Question 57

accretion

Answer 57

clumps of dust grow larger, sweeping up more and more material

Question 57

age of the sun and planets

Answer 57

4.6 billion years

Question 58

collaps of gas clouds form a ____ and __ ____ of gas surrounding it

Answer 58

protostar, the disk

Question 59

when objects eventually reach a few hundred km in size and have enough gravity to affect neighbor's and sweep up more material is....

Answer 59

planetesimals

Question 60

when nearly all material is swept up into _____

Answer 60

protoplanets