Exam 2 Study Guide & Tutor Notes Flashcards
(100 cards)
1
Q
Intrauterine Growth Restriction
KNOW THIS - Per Study Guide!!!!!
A
Limited nutrients from the placenta to the baby
- can lead to low birthweight – < 2500 grams (5.5 lbs)
2
Q
Signs & Symptoms of Preterm Labor
KNOW THIS - Per Study Guide!!!!!
A
- Vaginal discharge (change / increase)
- Pelvic pressure
- Mild abdominal cramps
- Constant dull back pain
- Regular contractions / ruptured membrane
3
Q
What is Chorioamnionitis?
KNOW THIS!!!!!
A
Bacterail infection of the amniotic cavity
Tx: IV broad spectrum antibiotics & deliver baby
4
Q
Signs & Symptoms of Chorioamnionitis
A
- Fever
- Tachycardia
- Uterine tenderness
- Foul odor amniotic fluid
5
Q
What is Group Beta Strep (GBS)?
KNOW THIS!!!!!
A
Leading cause of perinatal infections including bacteremia, endometritis, chorioamnionitis & UTIs
* Vaginal-rectal culture is usually done between 35-37 weeks
- TX: IAP antibiotics (intrapartum antibiotic prophylaxis) to decrease risk of chorioamniotitis
- Effect on Newborn: can cause focal or systemic disease – severe respiratory distress, pneumonia, shock,& meningitis (less often to develop meningitis); osteomyelitis & septic arthritis
6
Q
How can Group Beta Strep (GBS) effect a newborn?
KNOW THIS – Per Study Guide!!!!!
A
Can lead to severe respiratory distress, pneumonia, shock, & in rare cases meningitis
7
Q
What can Group Beta Strep cause? What is the treatment? What impact does it have on the newborn?
KNOW THIS – Per Study Guide!!!!!
A
Can cause infections including chorioamnionitis & UTIs
- Tx = IAP (intrapartum antibiotic prophylaxis)
- Newborn Impact: severe respiratory distress, pneumonia, shock, & in rare cases meningitis
8
Q
What is considered Preterm birth?
KNOW THIS - Per Study Guide!!!!!
A
Birth between 20 - 36 6/7 weeks
- Very Preterm – < 32 weeks
- Moderately Preterm – 32-34 weeks
- Late Preterm – 34 - 36 6/7 weeks
CAUSES:
* infection (UTIs)
* congenital structural abnormalities of the uterus
* placental causes
* maternal & fetal stress
* uterine overdistention
* allergic reaction
* decreased progesterone
* periodontal disease
9
Q
What is considered Posterm Labor?
KNOW THIS – Per Study Guide!!!!!
A
birth at > 42 weeks (< 0.5% of mothers)
- increased maternal morbidity
- dysfunctional labor
- abnormal growth
- shoulder dystocia
- meconium stained fluid
10
Q
What is external cephalic version (ECV)?
A
Attempt to turn the fetus from breech or shoulder presentation for birth
11
Q
Amniotomy
KNOW THIS – Per Study Guide!!!!!
A
Artificial Rupture of Membranes (AROM)
- when the amniotic sac is ruptured with a hook
do NOT rupture membranes until baby is ≥ -3 station (-3, -2, -1, 0)
12
Q
Indications for Forceps-Assisted or Vacuum-Assisted Birth
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A
Forceps or Vacuum may be used in…
*
- 2nd stage of labor (10 cm dilation & 100% effaced)
- HTN or cardiovascular disease
- Mom is exhausted
Must Be / Have:
* full dilation
* empty bladder
* baby’s head must be down
* ≥ 34 weeks
* ruptured membranes
13
Q
What is Uterine Atony?
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A
failure of the uterus to contract firmly (down to its pre-pregnancy size) (hypotonia = low muscle tone of the uterus)
- most common cause of postpartum hemorrhage
14
Q
Postpartum Hemorrhage
* Early PPH
* Late PPH
* Medications
KNOW THIS – Per Study Guide!!!!!
A
Cumulative blood loss ≥ 1000 mL or s/s of hypovolemia with in 24 hours after birth
- Early (within 24 hours of birth) – atony, bladder distention, trauma
- Late (> 24 hours or < 6 weeks) – infection, subinvolution, retained placenta, or coagulation defects
- Medications = Methergine or Hemabate (also IV oxytocin)
15
Q
Define Postpartum Hemorrhage
KNOW THIS – Per Study Guide!!!!!
A
Cumulative blood loss ≥ 1000 mL or s/s of hypovolemia within 24 hours after birth
16
Q
Early Postpartum Hemorrhage
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A
Within 24 hours of birth
* uterine atony
* bladder distention
* trauma (vaginal, cervical, uterine)
17
Q
Late Postpartum Hemorrhage
KNOW THIS!!!!!
A
> 24 hours but < 6 weeks after birth
* infection
* subinvolution
* retained placenta
* coagulopathy
18
Q
When can Braxton Hicks contractions begin?
KNOW THIS – Per Tutor!!!!!
A
after the 4th month
19
Q
Lightening
KNOW THIS – Per Tutor!!!!!
A
38-40 weeks, “baby drops”
20
Q
Hegar Sign
KNOW THIS – Per Tutor!!!!!
A
Softening of the lower uterine segment
21
Q
Ballottement
A
between 16-18 weeks
- passive movement of the unengaged fetus
- movability of a floating object such as a fetus
- diagnostic technique using palpation: floating object, when tapped or pushed, moves awy & then returns to touch the examiner’s hand
22
Q
Quickening
KNOW THIS – Per Tutor!!!!!
A
First recognition of fetal movements
- 16-20 weeks gestation (felt earlier by multiparous woman)
23
Q
Goodell Sign
KNOW THIS – Per Tutor!!!!!
A
Softening of cervix
- probable sign of pregnancy
- begins around 6 weeks gestation
24
Q
Friability
A
Tissue is easily damaged
- increased in pregnancy * can result in slight bleeding after vaginal exam
25
**Operculum**
| **KNOW THIS -- Per Tutor!!!!!**
**Mucous plug**
* *acts as a barrier against bacterial invasion*
## Footnote
* plug of mucous that fills the endocervical canal during pregnancy
26
**Chadwick Sign**
| **KNOW THIS -- Per Tutor!!!!!**
**violet/blue color of vaginal mucosa & cervis**
## Footnote
* visible at approximately 6-8 weeks of pregnancy
* caused by increased vascularity
27
**Striae Gravidarum**
| **KNOW THIS -- Per Tutor!!!!!**
**remains after pregnancy**
## Footnote
* stretch marks
28
**Presumptive Signs of Pregnancy**
| **KNOW THIS -- Per Tutor!!!!!**
**subjective changes experienced by the woman**
* amenorrhea, fatigue, breast changes
29
**List presumptive signs of pregnancy**
| **KNOW THIS -- Per Tutor!!!!!**
* amenorrhea
* fatigue
* breast changes
30
**Probable Signs of Pregnancy**
| **KNOW THIS -- Per Tutor!!!!!**
**objective changes observe / perceived by the EXAMINER & strongly suggest pregnancy**
* hegar sign, ballottement, pregnancy tests
31
**List probable signs of pregnancy**
| **KNOW THIS -- Per Tutor!!!!!**
* Hegar sign
* Ballottement
* Pregnancy test
32
**Who reports presumptive signs of pregnancy?**
| **KNOW THIS -- Per Tutor!!!!!**
**The woman**
33
**Who reports probable signs of pregnancy?**
| **KNOW THIS -- Per Tutor!!!!!**
**The examiner / provider**
34
**Positive Signs of Pregnancy**
| **KNOW THIS -- Per Tutor!!!!!**
**objective changes observed / perceived by the examiner that indicate PROOF OF PREGNANCY**
* fetal heart tones, ultrasound
35
**What is the difference in probable & positive signs of pregnancy?**
**Positive signs of pregnancy show proof of pregnancy,** while probable signs *strongly suggest* pregnancy
36
**List positive signs of pregnancy**
| **KNOW THIS -- Per Tutor!!!!!**
* fetal heart tones
* ultrasound
37
**Naegel's Rule**
| **KNOW THIS -- Per Tutor!!!!!**
**1.) Calculate first day of LMP**
**2.) Subtract 3 calendar months**
**3.) Add 7 days**
* *Calculate estimated date of birth*
## Footnote
* assumes woman has a 28 day cycle & that fertilization occurs on the 14th day
38
**A woman presents to the clinic because she missed her last menstrual period (LMP) & thinks she may be pregnant. She reports fatigue, breast tenderness, urinary frequency, and nausea & vomiting in the morning. THe healthcare provider will interpret these findings as which of the following changes of pregnancy?**
**a.)** Positive
**b.)** Probable
**c.)** Presumptive
**d.)** Possible
**c.) Presumptive**
* subjective
39
**Chorioamnionitis**
| **KNOW THIS -- Per Tutor!!!!!**
**bacterial infection of the amniotic sac**
**S/S:** fever, foul / purulent amniotic odor, tachycardia (mom & fetus), uterine tenderness
**Risk to Mom:** sepsis
* **Risk to BABY:** respiratory distress syndrome, meningitis, cerebral palsy, pneumonia, sepsis
40
**What is chorioamnionitis?**
| **KNOW THIS -- Per Tutor!!!!!**
**bacterial infection of the amniotic sac**
41
**What are signs & symptoms of chorioamnionitis?**
| **KNOW THIS -- Per Tutor!!!!!**
* maternal **fever**
* foul / purulent **amniotic odor**
* **tachycardia** (mom & fetus)
* **uterine tenderness**
42
**Chorioamnionitis puts a mom at risk for what?**
| **KNOW THIS -- Per Tutor!!!!!**
**sepsis**
43
**Chorioamnionitis puts the fetus at risk of what?**
| **KNOW THIS -- Per Tutor!!!!!**
* **RDS** (respiratory distress syndrome)
* **meningitis**
* **Cerebral Palsy**
* **Pneumonia**
* **Sepsis**
44
**Infants of Diabetic Mothers**
| **KNOW THIS -- Per Tutor!!!!!**
**At risk for HYPOglycemia after birth**
* glucose crosses the placenta, but insulin does not
* Baby is used to making their own insulin & after birth they aren't receiving the glucose from the placenta but are still making insulin
* Feed within 1st hour during 1st period of reactivity before they get drowsy & monitor closely
* Also **at risk for respiratory distress syndrome due to increased surfactant production**
45
**What are babies of diabetic mothers at risk of?**
| **KNOW THIS -- Per Tutor!!!!!**
**HYPOGLYCEMIA after birth**
* also at risk for *respiratory distress syndrome because of decreased surfactant production*
46
**Preeclampsia**
| **KNOW THIS -- Per Tutor!!!!!**
**HTN / proteinuria that develops after 20 weeks in normotensive women**
* can also develop for first time in post-partum period
* *In absence of proteinuria, preeclampsia may be defined as HTN along with:*
* thrombocytopenia
* impaired liver function
* new onset renal insufficiency
* pulmonary edema
* new onset cerebral or visual disturbances
**Tx: magnesium**
**Tx antidote:** calcium gluconate
**S/S of Magnesium Toxicity:**
* loss of deep tendon reflexes
* respiratory depression (↓ RR)
* ↓ LOC
47
# ****
**What is Preeclampsia?**
| **KNOW THIS -- Per Tutor!!!!!**
## Footnote
by definition
**HTN + proteinuria that develops after 20 weeks in normotensive women**
## Footnote
**Can also be HTN + (one of the following):**
* thrombocytopenia
* impaired liver function
* new onset renal insufficiency
* pulmonary edema
* new onset cerebral or visual disturbances
48
**What is the treatment for preeclampsia?**
| **KNOW THIS -- Per Tutor!!!!!**
**Magnesium sulfate**
49
**What is the antidote for magnesium?**
| **KNOW THIS -- Per Tutor!!!!!**
**calcium gluconate**
50
**What is the treatment for preeclampsia & what is the antidote?**
| **KNOW THIS -- Per Tutor!!!!!**
**Tx = magneisum**
* *Antidote = calcium gluconate*
51
**What are the signs & symptoms of magnesium toxicity?**
| **KNOW THIS -- Per Tutor!!!!!**
* **loss of DTR** (deep tendon reflexes)
* **respiratory depression** (↓ RR)
* **↓ LOC**
52
**Biophysical Profile (BPP)**
| **KNOW THIS -- Per Tutor!!!!!**
* **Amniotic fluid volume, fetal tone, & fetal HR**
* score 0-10
*
**8 is great** (score wise) - nothing is wrong, baby is doing well
53
**Placenta Previa**
| **KNOW THIS -- Per Tutor!!!!!**
**ATTACHMENT ISSUE**
* the placenta is *implanted in the lower uterine segment* (should be implanted at the top)
**Signs & Symptoms:**
* **painless bright red bvaginal bleeding** during second or third trimesters
**Exam Findings:** soft, relaxed, non-tender uterus with normal tone
54
**What is placenta previa?**
| **KNOW THIS -- Per Tutor!!!!!**
**Placenta does not attach in the correct place**
* attaches in the lower uterine segment
55
**What are signs & symptoms / exam findings of placenta previa?**
| **KNOW THIS -- Per Tutor!!!!!**
* **Painless bright red vaginal bleeding**
* **Abdominal Exam:** *soft, relaxed, non-tender uterus w/ normal tone*
56
**Placental Abruption**
| **KNOW THIS -- Per Tutor!!!!!**
**Premature separation / detachment of part or all of the placenta from the uterus**
**Signs & Symptoms:**
* vaginal bleeding
* abdominal pain
* uterine tenderness
* contractions
* **board-like abdomen**
57
**What is placental abruption?**
| **KNOW THIS -- Per Tutor!!!!!**
**Premature separation or detachment of part or all of the placenta from the uterus**
58
**Signs & Symptoms of Placental Abruption**
| **KNOW THIS -- Per Tutor!!!!!**
* vaginal bleeding
* abdominal pain
* uterine tenderness
* contractions
* **board-like abdomen**
59
**How can you differentiate between placental abruption & placenta previa?**
| **KNOW THIS -- Per Tutor!!!!!**
**bleeding type, uterine tone, & absence or presence of pain**
*Placenta Previa*
* *painless vaginal bleeding*
* *soft, relaxed, non-tender uterus w/ normal tone*
**Placental Abruption**
* **vaginal bleeding w/ pain** (contractions / abdominal pain)
* **uterine tenderness**
* **board-like abdomen**
60
**What is a cerclage?**
| **KNOW THIS -- Per Tutor!!!!!**
**A suture is placed around the cervix to hold it closed when premature dilation occurs**
* A suture is placed around the cervix beneath the mucosa to constrict the internal os of cervix
61
**What is cervical insufficiency? What is the interprofessional care management & the follow up care for cervical insufficiency?**
| **KNOW THIS -- Per Tutor!!!!!**
**Passive, painless dilation of the cervix** leading to recurrent preterm births during the second trimester in absence of other causes
**Tx / Interprofessional Management:**
* **cerclage --** suture the cervix closed when premature dilation occurs due to weakness
**Follow Up Care**
* validity of bed rest has not been scientifically proven
* Progesterone therapy may be recommended for some women
* Watch for & report signs of perterm labor, rupture of membranes, & infection
62
**What is Cervical Insufficiency?**
| **KNOW THIS -- Per Tutor!!!!!**
**passive, painless dilation of the cervix**
## Footnote
* leads to recurrent preterm births during second trimester in absence of other causes
63
**What is the treatment of choice for cervical insuffiency? What is the follow up care?**
| **KNOW THIS -- Per Tutor!!!!!**
**Cerclage** (suture the cervix closed)
*Follow Up Care: watch for & report signs of preterm labor, rupture of membranes, & infection*
## Footnote
* validity of bed rest has not been scientifically proven
* progesterone therapy may be recommended for some women
64
**Gestational Diabetes**
| **KNOW THIS -- Per Tutor!!!!!**
**Risk Factors**
* family hx of diabetes
* previous pregnancy that resulted in unexplained stillbirth or the birth of a malformed or macrosomic fetus
* obesity, HTN, glycosuria, maternal age > 25 years
* more than half of women with GDM have none of these risk factors
**diagnosed during second half of pregnancy**
65
**What are risk factors for developing gestational diabetes?**
| **KNOW THIS -- Per Tutor!!!!!**
* **family hx of DM**
* previous pregnancy that resulted in an unexplained stillbirth or the birth of a malformed or macrosomic fetus
* **obesity, HTN, glycosuria, & maternal age > 25 years**
## Footnote
**more than half of women with GDM have none of these risk factors**
66
**A patient is diagnosed with gestational hypertension & is receiving magnesium sulfate. Which findings would the nurse interpret as indicating a therapeutic level of medication?**
**a.)** Urinary output of 20 mL per hour
**b.)** Respiratory rate of 10 breaths per minute
**c.)** Deep tendon reflexes 2+
**d.)** Difficulty in arousing
**c.) deep tendon reflexes 2+**
## Footnote
**With magnesium sulfate, deep tendon reflexes of 2+ would be considered normal & therefore a therapeutic level of the drug.**
* urinary output of less than 30 mL, a respiratoyr rate of less than 12 breaths/minute, & a diminished level fo consciousness would indicate manesium toxicity
67
**When is gestational diabetes diagnosed?**
| **KNOW THIS -- Per Tutor!!!!!**
**Second half of pregnancy**
68
**Fetal Fibronetic (fFN) test**
| **KNOW THIS -- Per Tutor!!!!!**
**Used to predict who will NOT go into preterm labor** because its negative predictive value is high
## Footnote
* fFN is a glycoprotein "glue" found in plasma & produced during fetal life
* women with a negative test have a less than 1% chance of giving birth in 2 weeks
69
**Shoulder Dystocia**
| **KNOW THIS -- Per Tutor!!!!!**
* **suprapubic pressure**
* **position change**
* **turtle sign**
* **Risk for diabetic mothers due to macrosomia**
70
**Cord Prolapse**
| **KNOW THIS -- Per Tutor!!!!!**
* **Position change** to take pressure off the cord
* **Prepare for c-section**
71
**Early Postpartum Hemorrhage**
| **KNOW THIS -- Per Tutor!!!!!**
**within 24 hours of birth**
*
**Causes:**
* **uterine atony** (uterus doesn't contract / shrink back to pre-pregnancy size)
* **distended bladder**
* **trauma**
72
**Late Postpartum Hemorrhage**
| **KNOW THIS -- Per Tutor!!!!!**
**more than 24 hours but less than 6 weeks after birth**
*
**Causes:**
* **infection**
* **subinvolution** (uterus does not go down to prepregnancy size
* **retained placenta**
73
**Induction of Labor**
| **KNOW THIS -- Per Tutor!!!!!**
**chemical or mechanical initiation of uterine contractions before spontaneous onset** (for the purpose of bringing about birth)
74
**Augmentation of Labor**
| **KNOW THIS -- Per Tutor!!!!!**
**Stimulation of uterine contractions AFTER labor has started spontaneously & progress is unsatisfactory**
*
* **Common Methods:**
* **oxytocin**
* **amniotomy** (breaking the water)
75
**The nurse is developing a plan of care for a woman who is pregnant with twins. The nurse includes interventions focusing on which of the following because of the woman's increased risk?**
**a.)** Oligohydramnios
**b.)** Preeclampsia
**c.)** Post-term labor
**d.)** Chorioamnionitis
**b.) Preeclampsia**
## Footnote
**Oligohydramnios =** too little amniotic fluid
76
**Maternal substance use**
| **KNOW THIS -- Per Tutor!!!!!**
* **Tobacco =** growth restriction
* **Cocaine / Amphetamines =** placental abruption
* **Alcohol =** cognitive impairment
77
**How does maternal use of tobacco impact the fetus?**
| **KNOW THIS -- Per Tutor!!!!!**
**Growth restriction**
78
**How does maternal cocaine / amphetamine use impact the fetus?**
| **KNOW THIS -- Per Tutor!!!!!**
**placental abruption**
79
**How does maternal alcohol use impact the fetus?**
| **KNOW THIS -- Per Tutor!!!!!**
**cognitive impairment**
80
**Hypospadias**
| **KNOW THIS -- Per Tutor!!!!!**
**urethra is on VENTRAL aspect** (underside / bottom) **of the penis**
81
**Epispadias**
| **KNOW THIS -- Per Tutor!!!!!**
**urethral opening is on the DORSAL aspect** (on top) **of the penis**
82
**A 1-day-old neonate, 32 weeks gestation, is in an overhead warmer. The nurse assesses the morning axillary temperature as 96.9 F. Which of the following could explain this assessment finding?**
**a.)** This is a normal axillary temperature for a preterm neonate.
**b.)** Axillary temperatures are not valid for preterm babies.
**c.)** The supply of brown adipose tissue is incomplete.
**d.)** Conduction heat loss is pronounced in the baby.
**c.) The supply of brown adipose tissue is incomplete.**
83
**Which vital sign deviates from the normal reading as a result of puerperal sepsis?**
**a.)** Temperature
**b.)** Respirations
**c.)** Blood pressure
**d.)** Pulse
| **PowerPoint Question**
**a.) Temperature**
*
* Fever is **> 100.4 F**
84
**A number of changes in the integumentary system occur during pregnancy. Which change persists after birth?**
**a.)** Epulis
**b.)** Chloasma
**c.)** Striae gravidarum
**d.)** Telangiectasia
| **PowerPoint Question**
**c.) Striae gravidarum**
85
**With regard to follow-up visits & the physical examination for women receiving prenatal care, nurses should be aware that...**
**a.)** The interview portions become more intensive as the visits become more frequent over the course of the pregnancy.
**b.)** Monthly visits are scheduled for 1st trimester, every 2 weeks for 2nd trimester, & weekly for 3rd trimester.
**c.)** During the abdominal examination, the nurse should be alert for supine hypotension.
**d.)** For pregnant women, a systolic BP of 130/80 is sufficient to be considered hypertensive.
| **PowerPoint Question**
**c.) During the abdominal examination, the nurse should be alert for supine hypotension.**
## Footnote
**Supine hypotension:** occurs when a pregnant person's uterus compresses the inferior vena cava & aorta while they are lying on their back
86
**Gestational Hypertension**
* **onset of HTN w/out other findings after 20 weeks**
*
* **BP > 140/90** (resolves after giving birth)
87
**Care of Macrosomic Infant**
| **KNOW THIS -- Per Study Guide!!!!!**
Large babies (**macrosomic**) are at risk for:
* **Hypoglycemia**
* Polycythemia (RBCs)
* **Birth injuries** (shoulder dystocia)
* **Metabolic Issues** (obesity, diabetes, cardiovascular disease)
87
**Women with hyperemesis gravidarum...**
**a.)** Are a majority, because 80% of all women suffer from it at some time.
**b.)** Have vomiting severe & persistent enough to cause weight loss, dehydration, & electrolyte imbalance.
**c.)** Need IV fluid & nutrition for most of their pregnancy.
**d.)** Often inspire similar, milder symptoms if their male partners & mothers
| **PowerPoint Question**
**b.) Have vomiting severe & persistent enough to cause weight loss, dehydration, & electrolyte imbalance.**
88
**Ectopic Pregnancy**
| **KNOW THIS -- Per Study Guide!!!!!**
**Fertilized ovum is implanted OUTSIDE the uterine cavity**
*
**Signs & Symptoms:**
* abdominal pain
* delayed menses
* abnormal vaginal bleeding (spotting)
89
**Gestational Diabetes - Preconception Guidance**
| **KNOW THIS -- Per Study Guide!!!!!**
* Frequent monitoring in pregnancy
* *Primary Goal: achieve & maintain constant euglycemia*
* **diet, exercise, insulin therapy, self monitoring blood glucose, urine testing**
90
**5 Stages of Grief**
| **KNOW THIS -- Per Study Guide!!!!!**
**1.) D**enial
**2.) A**nger
**3.) B**argaining
**4.) D**epression
**5.) A**cceptance
91
**Perinatal Loss**
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**Loss associated with childbearing**
* miscarriage
* fetal diagnosis
* pregnancy termination
92
**Survivors Guilt**
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**A feeling of guilt about going on with life after other people close to you have died**
93
**Care of NAS babies**
* neonatal abstinence syndrome
| **KNOW THIS -- Per Study Guide!!!!!**
* keep lights dim
* TV & radio off
* Use soft, quiet voices
* Sensitive to stimulation
94
**How to calculate newborn weight loss percentage**
| **KNOW THIS -- Per Study Guide!!!!!**
**(weight at birth - current weight) / birth weight x 100**
## Footnote
Can also do:
**100 - (** *current* weight **/** birth weight**)**
* 100 - **(**3000/3500**) = 0.857**
* *0.857 = 85.7*
* 100 - 85.7 **= 14.3**
95
**Meds for hypertension during pregnancy**
| **KNOW THIS -- Per Study Guide!!!!!**
**Labetalol**
* beta blocker to decrease BP
**Hydralazine**
* IV only
* monitor FHT
* mom in L lateral position
**Nifedipine / Procardia**
* calcium channel blocker to decrease contractions
**Magnesium sulfate for severe preeclampsia** (not necessarily for BP)
96
**What are the 3 most common medications used to control hypertension during pregnancy?** (NOT for preeclampsia)
| **KNOW THIS -- Per Study Guide!!!!!**
* **Labetalol**
* **Hydralazine** (IV only)
* **Nifedipine / procardia**
97
**What are the 3 Tocolytic drugs & what are they used for?**
**Tocolytic = inhibit contractions**
**N**ot **M**y **T**ime
* **n**ifedipine
* **m**agnesium sulfate
* **t**erbutaline
98
**What medications are used for postpartum hemorrhage?**
| **KNOW THIS -- Per Study Guide!!!!!**
* **Cytotec** (misoprostol)
* **Hemabate --** do NOT use w/ asthma
* **Methergine --** do NOT use w/ HTN
* **Oxytocin / pitocin**
99
**What is methotrexate used for?**
| **KNOW THIS -- Per Study Guide!!!!!**
used for the medical treatment of **ectopic pregnancy**
