EXAM 2 STUDY SET - CH 4

Question 1

Transcription

Answer 1

DNA to RNA

Question 2

Translation

Answer 2

RNA to Protein

Question 3

In prokaryotes transcription and translation takes place in the?

Answer 3

cytoplasm

Question 4

In eukaryotes transcription takes place in the?

Answer 4

nucleus

Question 5

In eukaryotes translation takes place in the?

Answer 5

cytoplasm and ER

Question 6

DNA: Sugar

Answer 6

Deoxyribose

Ribose - 2’-OH replaced w/ H.

Question 7

RNA: Sugar

Answer 7

Ribose

Question 8

Bases: Purines

Answer 8

Adenine

Guanine

Question 9

Bases: Pyrimidines

Answer 9

Cytosine - DNA
Thymine - DNA
Uracil - RNA.

Question 10

DNA / RNA Backbones

Answer 10

Sugars linked by phosphodiester bridges.

3’ OH of one sugar to 5’ OH of adj. sugar.

Question 11

Monomer

Answer 11

Sugar.
Phosphate.
N Base

Question 12

Nucleic Acids

Answer 12

Long, linear polymers constructed from 4 types of monomers.

Seq of bases = info content.

Question 13

Nucleotides

Answer 13

nucleoside w/ 1+ phosphoryl groups.

Question 14

Nucleoside

Answer 14

N base bound to sugar

Question 15

DNA Nucleosides

Answer 15

deoxyadenosine
deoxyguanosine
deoxycytidine
deoxythymidine

Question 16

RNA Nucleosides

Answer 16

adenosine
guanosine
cytidine
uridine
(rarely - thymidine)

Question 17

Nucleoside Triphosphates

Answer 17

building blocks of DNA and RNA.

Question 18

Nucleic Acid Seq’s are typically written from?

Answer 18

Left to Right

3’ to 5’

Question 19

Base-Pair Rules

Answer 19

A - T

G - C

Question 20

Where does transcription begin?

Answer 20

promoter sites

Question 21

Where does transcription end?

Answer 21

terminator sites

Question 22

Promoters

Answer 22

specific DNA seq’s

direct RNA polymerase to proper initiation site.

Question 23

Terminators

Answer 23

Hairpin structure followed by several U’s.
Protein rho.
Palindromic DNA.

Question 24

mRNA

Answer 24

Translated on ribosomes.

1st codon ~always AUG.

Question 25

Spliceosome

Answer 25

Recognizes specific seq's w/i intron that specify splice sites. Splice out introns to gen mature mRNA.

Question 26

introns

Answer 26

Noncoding regions Spliced out by spliceosomes to generate mature mRNA. ~Always begin w/ GU, end w/ AG>

Question 27

exons

Answer 27

Coding regions | Come together to form mature mRNA.

Question 28

ATP | Adenosine Triphosphate

Answer 28

nucleotide

Question 29

What role does ATP have in DNA synthesis?

Answer 29

E source for some of enzymes needed to initiate and sustain DNA synthesis @ replication fork.

Question 30

NA seq's are typically written from?

Answer 30

5' to 3' left to right. Phosphoryl group 5'C of sugar OH 3'C of sugar

Question 31

DNA Synthesis Req's:

Answer 31

``` 4 deoxynucleoside triphosphates Mg2+ template strand primer DNA polymerase ```

Question 32

Template Strand

Answer 32

Directs DNA synthesis. Used during transcription to produce RNA. Copied into complementary strand of DNA.

Question 33

Primer

Answer 33

grows new strand of DNA

Question 34

DNA Polymerase

Answer 34

nuclease activity, removes mismatched bases.

Question 35

mRNA

Answer 35

carry genetic info needed to make proteins

Question 36

tRNA

Answer 36

@ ribosome during translation. Synthesized protein from mRNA molecule. Makes sure proper AA inserted in protein.

Question 37

rRNA

Answer 37

Catalyze protein synthesis. | Binds to mRNA, recruits tRNA to catalyze formation of peptide bond btw 2 AA's.

Question 38

This is used by DNA or RNA polymerase to attach complementary bases during DNA replication or RNA transcription.

Answer 38

Template Strand