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immunology > exam 2 stuff other than cytokines > Flashcards

exam 2 stuff other than cytokines Flashcards

1
Q

lymphocyte populations

A

NK cells, T cells, B cells

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2
Q

What cells do lymphoid stem cells produce?

A

B cells- memory and plasma
T cells: Th1, Th2, Th17, Treg
NK cells

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3
Q

T cell properties

A

produced in thymus, also go to lymph node paracortex, spleen, periarterial sheath, higher circulating amount in blood than B cells, receptor is TCR (CD3, CD4, CD8), recognizes foreign proteins in MHC antigens, form effector T cells, memory T cells, secrete cytokines, induce tolerance

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4
Q

B cell properties

A

Bone marrow, bursa, Peyer’s patches, distributed in lymph node cortex and splenic follicles, BCR and immunoglobin (on surface), recognizes free foreign proteins, tolerance induction is difficult, forms plasma cells and memory cells, produce immunoglobins

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5
Q

Which CD is present on all T cells?

A

CD3

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6
Q

What type of T cell is CD4 located on?

A

Helper T cells, MHCII receptor

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7
Q

What type of T cell is CD8 located on?

A

cytotoxic T cells, MHC I receptor

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8
Q

B1 integrins (CD29/CD49)

A

fibronectin, laminin, collagen

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9
Q

B2 integrins (CD11/CD18)

A

ICAM-1

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10
Q

selectins in vascular endothelial cells

A

P,L,E

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11
Q

lymphocyte mitogens

A

PHA, concanavalin A, pokeweek, LPS, BCG

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12
Q

What are helper T cells stimulated by?

A

exogenous antigens presented on DC

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13
Q

What are the two types of TCR?

A

alpha/beta, gamma/delta

alpha/beta- CD4 and CD8

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14
Q

what can CD4 cells differentiate into

A
  • helper 1,2, 17, regulatory

- memory

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15
Q

what do CD8 cells differentiate into

A

cytotoxic and memory T cells

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16
Q

What does CDR stand for?

A

complementary determining region

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17
Q

where is the CDR determining region located?

A

in the variable portion of the receptor

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18
Q

what type of complementary determining region is present on all T cells?

A

CD3

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19
Q

What is CD3 composed of?

A

5 protein chains: gamma, delta, epsilon, zeta, nu
protein dimers

function in signal transduction

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20
Q

Co stimulatory molecules you should know in case he decides to be a dick

A

CD40-CD154: on interleukins
CD28-CD80 on APC
CD28-CD86
CD152-CD80/86

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21
Q

What does CD28-CD86 do?

A
  • causes 8-fold activation of B cells

- causes T cell activation

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22
Q

What does CD152-CD80/86 do?

A

T cell suppression

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23
Q

When DC1 produces high IL-12 what type of Th cell is activated?

A

Th1

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24
Q

When DC2 doesn’t produce IL-12 what type of Th cell is activated?

A

Th2

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25
Q

What is the effect of Th17 cells?

A

plays a role in humoral immune response and produces inflammation

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26
Q

Cellular immune response is by which kind of cells?

A

T cells

27
Q

What does cellular immune response produce immunity to?

A

Intracellular bacteria, intracellular viruses, fungi, protozoa, tumors

28
Q

Endogenous antigens are processed and presented on MHC type___ to ______ T cells

A

MHC type 1, cytotoxic T cells

29
Q

What do T cell cytoxicity pathways both trigger?

A

capsase formation, DNA fragmentation, cell death

30
Q

What is the intrinsic cytotoxic T cell pathway triggered by?

A

damage signals, cell stress, growth factor withdrawl

31
Q

What is the mechanism of the intrinsic T cell cytotoxic pathway?

A

granzymes are injected, lead to cytochrome C release from the mitochondria, apoptosome and activation of capsase 9

32
Q

What is the extrinsic cytotoxic T cell pathway triggered by?

A

ligation of death receptors such as CD95L

33
Q

What is the major mechanism of the extrinsic cytotoxic T cell pathway?

A

DISC formation (death inducing signalling complex)

34
Q

What affects do IL-12 and IFN-y have on CD8?

A

Stimulation cause killing by apoptosis

35
Q

How are macrophages activated in order to be enabled to kill otherwise resistant intracellular bacteria?

A

release of interferon gamma from NK cells

release of IFN-y and IL-2 from Th1 cells (adaptive)

36
Q

classically activated (M1 macrophages)`

A

activated by Th1 producing IFN-y and TNF-alpha, cause inflammation

37
Q

alternatively activated (M2 macrophages)

A

activated by Th2 and Treg cells and interleukins, cause resolution of inflammation, wound repair, extracellular matrix production, cell proliferation, angiogenesis

38
Q

characteristics of effector memory T cell

A
  • CD44 positive
  • increased IL-2 receptors, adhesion molecules, IL-4 and IFN
  • increased TCR stimulation
  • memory survival
  • survive 8-15 yrs
39
Q

True/False

In an immunological synapse between a T cell and APC cell there are concentric rings containing costimulatory molecules

A

true

40
Q

Transcription factors generated by signal transduction mediated by T cell antigen receptors, what they cause

A

NF-KB, NF-AT, AP-1

cell division/apoptosis and cytokine production

41
Q

True/False

The presence of CD28 is necessary for the activation of all TCR

A

false, sometimes the same effect of costimulation can be activated by the presence of multiple TCRs

42
Q

What part of the TCR does superantigen bind to?

A

only the beta chain

43
Q

True/False

Superantigens do not require MHC antigen presentation

A

true

44
Q

effects of superantigen

A

powerful T cell response, high cytokine production, toxic shock syndrome

45
Q

Th1 cells produce___ and ___ to promote cellular immune response

A

Interleukin-2 and interferon-y

46
Q

functions of IL-2

A

activates T cells, B cell proliferation,activates NK cell and macrophages, promotes TH1 cell activation

47
Q

functions of IFN-y

A

inhibits Th2 cells, stimulates Th1 cells, activates NK cells, conserves macrophages

  • antiviral
  • increases IL-12 production
48
Q

TH2 produces

A

IL-4: stimulates B cell growth (humoral immune function) and differentiation and activates mast cells, activates macrophages
IL-10: inhibits TH1 cell function, mostly suppresses macrophage function

49
Q

Th0

A

produces IL-4 to work on Th2 and IL-12 to work on Th1

50
Q

Th17

A

production of proinflammatory cytokines and helps B cells

51
Q

gamma/delta T cells

A

have innate and adaptive functions

52
Q

memory T cells

A

comes from cell not at contact pole with dendritic cell

53
Q

intercellular antigens are eliminated by

A

cytotoxic T cells

54
Q

extracellular antigens are eliminated by

A

antibodies

55
Q

Passive artificial immunity

A

immunoglobins

56
Q

passive natural immunity

A

transplacental, colostrum, eggs

57
Q

active artificial immunity

A

vaccination

58
Q

active natural immunity

A

diseases

59
Q

Are antibodies B cell receptors?

A

YAASSS BOOO- they’re soluable

60
Q

Fab regions are composed of what?

A

you lol jk light chains, disulfide bonds,

61
Q

Fc region is composed of

A

heavy chain

62
Q

pepsin cleaves into:

A

Fc and Fabs

63
Q

Light chains

A

constant domain (C1), Variable domain, light kappa chain, light lambda chain

64
Q

heavy chains

A

4 to 5 chain domain, variable domain, constant domain, alpha, gamma, delta, epsilon, and mu heavy chains

immunology (4 decks)

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