Exam 2 Terminology

Question 1

cardiac output

Answer 1

The volume of blood ejected by the heart each minute

Question 2

stroke volume

Answer 2

The amount of blood ejected by the left ventricle during each heartbeat

Question 3

Pre-Load or VOLUME

Answer 3

the degree of myocardial stretch at the end of diastole and just before contraction – determined by the amount of blood returning to the heart from both the venous system (right side) and the pulmonary system (left side)

Question 4

afterload or resistance

Answer 4

the pressure or resistance that the ventricles must overcome to eject blood through the semilunar valves and into the peripheral blood vessels – resistance is equal to arterial blood pressure and blood vessel diameter

Question 5

arterial bp and pvr are influenced by

Answer 5

intravascular volume, blood returning to the heart
Electrolytes – Calcium, functioning muscle fibers

Question 6

contractility

Answer 6

the ability of the cell to contract in response to an impulse – inotropy** - can increase cardiac output independent of preload and afterload

Question 7

ejection fraction

Answer 7

percentage of blood ejected from the left ventricle during systole normal >50%

Question 8

autonomic respnose

Answer 8

the part of the nervous system that is not under conscious control – sympathetic and parasympathetic

Question 9

sympathetic-fight

Answer 9

wants to increase CO by increasing HR, vasoconstriction and contractility

Question 10

parasympathetic-flight

Answer 10

decrease CO by decrease HR, vasodilation and contractility

Question 11

diastolic left heart failure

Answer 11

unable to relax/ fill during diastole; heart muscle is still/hypertrophied.

Question 12

systolic heart failure

Answer 12

Decreased left ventricular contraction; heart muscle is weak/ dilated