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PSY 4210 > Exam 2 Textbook > Flashcards

Exam 2 Textbook Flashcards

(73 cards)

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1
Q

3 Common Themes of Neo-Freudian Thought

A

1) sex is a general motivation instead of being as important as Freud thought it was
2) less emphasis on unconscious mental processes and more on conscious thought
3) focuses on interpersonal relationships rather than instinctual drives and mental life as the source of psychological difficulties (knowing the daily lives of patients)

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2
Q

ego psychology

A

focus on perception, memory, learning, and rational, conscious thinking

part of 2 common themes

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3
Q

focus on perception, memory, learning, and rational, conscious thinking

A

ego psychology

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4
Q

social interest

A

Adler
the desire to relate positively and productively with other people

he thought this was equal or greater in importance to sex as a motivator

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5
Q

the desire to relate positively and productively with other people

A

social interest
Adler

he thought this was equal or greater in importance to sex as a motivator

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6
Q

organ inferiority

A

individuals are motivated to attain equality with or superiority over other people to compensate for whatever, in childhood, they felt was their weakest aspect.

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7
Q

individuals are motivated to attain equality with or superiority over other people to compensate for whatever, in childhood, they felt was their weakest aspect.

A

organ inferiority

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8
Q

masculine protest

A

the idea that a particular urge in adulthood is an attempt to compensate for one’s powerlessness felt in childhood

e.g. boy feels unmasculine so when he grows up he buys a truck and revs the engine

author says this is a compensation in response to feelings of inferiority

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9
Q

the idea that a particular urge in adulthood is an attempt to compensate for one’s powerlessness felt in childhood

A

masculine protest

e.g. boy feels unmasculine so when he grows up he buys a truck and revs the engine

author says this is a compensation in response to feelings of inferiority

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10
Q

what is Adler’s larger point?

A

everyone felt inferior as a child and the quest to overcome these feelings continues to influence behavior as an adult

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11
Q

collective unconscious

A

Jung

all people share certain unconscious ideas because of the history of the human species

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12
Q

Jung

all people share certain unconscious ideas because of the history of the human species

A

collective unconscious

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13
Q

archetypes

A

Jung
the fundamental images of people that are contained in the collective unconscious

includes “the earth mother,” “the hero,” “the devil,” and “the supreme being”

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14
Q

the fundamental images of people that are contained in the collective unconscious

A

archetypes

Jung

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15
Q

persona

A

Jung
the social mask one wears in public

keeps some aspect of yourself private

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16
Q

the social mask one wears in public

A

persona

Jung

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17
Q

What does Jung say is the danger in personas?

A

one might come to identify more with the persona than with the real self

might want to express an idealized version of oneself rather than show ones true self

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18
Q

anima

A

Jung
the idea of the female as held in the mind of a male

man’s anima is the root of his “feminine side”

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19
Q

the idea of the female as held in the mind of a male

A

anima
Jung

man’s anima is the root of his “feminine side”

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20
Q

animus

A

Jung
the idealized image of the male as held in the mind of a female

woman’s animus is the root of her “masculine side”

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21
Q

the idealized image of the male as held in the mind of a female

A

animus
Jung

woman’s animus is the root of her “masculine side”

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22
Q

What is the issue Jung presents with the anima/animus thoughts?

A

the idealized woman or mani n one’s mind matches poorly with the real women or men in one’s life

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23
Q

What are the four basic ways of thinking according to Jung?

A

rational thinking: recognize the meaning

sensing: establishes what is actually present
feeling: the items value
intuition: points to possibilities as to where it came from and where its going given a situation

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24
Q

In what way did Horney vary from Freud?

A

she doesn’t think women have “penis envy”

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25
neurotic needs
Horney adult behavior is often based on efforts to overcome the basic anxiety acquired in childhood: the fear of being alone and helpless in a hostile world needs that people feel but that are neither realistic nor truly desirable
26
adult behavior is often based on efforts to overcome the basic anxiety acquired in childhood: the fear of being alone and helpless in a hostile world needs that people feel but that are neither realistic nor truly desirable
neurotic needs | Horney
27
psychosocial
Erikson | conflicts experienced at each stage and their possible outcomes
28
conflicts experienced at each stage and their possible outcomes
psychosocial | Erikson
29
Erikson Stage 1
basic trust vs mistrust corresponds with Freud's oral stage kid learns whether needs and wants will be met, ignored, or overindulged
30
kid learns whether needs and wants will be met, ignored, or overindulged
basic trust vs mistrust | Erikson Stage 1
31
Erikson Stage 2
autonomy vs shame and doubt Freud stage anal learning who is in charge and that you don't get everything you want all the time
32
learning who is in charge and that you don't get everything you want all the time
autonomy vs shame and doubt Erikson Stage 2
33
Erikson Stage 3
initiative vs guilt Freud stage phallic child begins to anticipate and fantasize about life as an adult (includes plans, and sex) adult morality: moral rules are applied with flexibility and wisdom
34
child begins to anticipate and fantasize about life as an adult
initiative vs guilt Erikson Stage 3
35
Erikson Stage 4
industry vs inferiority Freud stage latency the child must begin to control his exuberant imagination and unfocused energy and get on with tasks of developing competence, workmanship, and a way of organizing life tasks
36
the child must begin to control his exuberant imagination and unfocused energy and get on with tasks of developing competence, workmanship, and a way of organizing life tasks
industry vs inferiority Erikson Stage 4
37
Erikson Stage 5
identity vs identity confusion Freud genital the adolescent strives to figure out who they are and what is and is not important
38
the adolescent strives to figure out who they are and what is and is not important
identify vs identity confusion Erikson Stage 5
39
Erikson Stage 6
intimacy vs isolation find an intimate life partner to share important experiences and further development, rather than becoming lonely
40
find an intimate life partner to share important experiences and further development, rather than becoming lonely
intimacy vs isolation Erikson Stage 6
41
Erikson Stage 7
generativity vs stagnation middle age, stay passive comfort or begin to turn concerns to the next generation
42
middle age, stay passive comfort or begin to turn concerns to the next generation
generativity vs stagnation Erikson Stage 7
43
Erikson Stage 8
integrity versus despair regret earlier mistakes or feel they have developed wisdom/have something to give to future generations
44
regret earlier mistakes or feel they have developed wisdom/have something to give to future generations
integrity vs despair Erikson Stage 8
45
object relations theory
the analysis of interpersonal relationships
46
the analysis of interpersonal relationships
object relations theory
47
What is the key insight of the object relations approach?
we can only relate to other people via the images of them we hold in our minds, and these images do not always match reality
48
What are the four principal themes in forms of object relations theory?
1) every relationship has elements of satisfaction and frustration (pleasure/pain) 2) the mix of love and hate 3) the distinction between the parts of the love object and the whole person (e.g. the mother is the breast) 4) The psyche of the baby is aware of and disturbed by these contradictory feelings
49
Klein's child therapy
provides toys for the kids and observed how they "play pretend" about things such as their parents. How they split or put them together and whatnot
50
transitional object
an item (niffle) the child uses to bridge the gap between private fantasy and reality comforts the child when the parent isn't there Winnicott came up with it
51
an item (niffle) the child uses to bridge the gap between private fantasy and reality
transitional object Winnicott came up with it
52
What are the two ways transitional objects are transitional?
1) they help the child make the change from the time when adults are constantly caring for them, to the time when they must face the world alone 2) They exist in an interesting transitional state between fantasy and reality
53
false self
put on a personality to please other people winnicott
54
put on a personality to please other people
false self winnicott
55
any research is at least a little psychoanalytic...
1) an examination of independent mental processes that occur simultaneously in the same mind and can conflict with one another 2) Unconscious mental processes 3) Compromises among mental processes negotiated outside of consciousness 4) Self-defensive thought and self-deception 5) The influence of the past on current functioning, especially childhood patterns that endure into adulthood 6) Sexual or aggressive wishes as they influence thought, feeling, and behavior
56
McGinnies study on emotional reactions and time of recognition of "critical" words results
people claimed they couldn't read the critical words even though they had physiological symptoms to these words. They also had to look longer at the words before they recognized them. Authors took this to mean there is an unconscious part of the mind that could read the words, even while the conscious part could not.
57
parallel distributed processing (PDP)
the mind does many different things at once and only a small fraction of its activity becomes conscious
58
shortcoming of behaviorism
it ignores thinking, motivation, and emotion largely based on research using animals ignores the social dimension of learning (most of the subjects were alone in a box) it reads the animal or person as essentially passive (experimenter put the animal in the box)
59
self-efficacy
gives a central role to the expectation that one can accomplish something successfully
60
gives a central role to the expectation that one can accomplish something successfully
self-efficacy
61
self-concept
a persons' knowledge and opinions about oneself self-efficacy affects this
62
a persons' knowledge and opinions about oneself
self-concept
63
What did Bandura emphasize was the goal of psychotherapy?
to improve self-efficacy. If you achieve a better match between what you think you can accomplish and what you really can accomplish, your life will be more rational and productive change the belief, and behavioral change will follow
64
observational learning
learning a behavior by watching someone else demonstrated this with Bobo dolls
65
learning a behavior by watching someone else
observational learning
66
attachment theory
a theoretical perspective that draws on psychoanalytic thought to describe the development and importance of human attachments to emotionally significant other people
67
a theoretical perspective that draws on psychoanalytic thought to describe the development and importance of human attachments to emotionally significant other people
attachment theory
68
Why is love important according to Bowlby?
Because love comes from a survival perspective. When we are somewhere new, cold, dark, and if we're sick, weak, or tired, we want someone to be there to help us. Especially someone who loves us and who we love.
69
Two lessons children learn according to Bowlby:
1) learn if the people they attach too will be reliable 2)
70
Who did a study in response to the first lesson?
Mary Ainsworth Seeing how attached kids were when parents left the room with strangers or stayed in the room with strangers. anxious-ambivalent: kid really freaks out when parent leaves (comes from inconsistent parents being there) avoidant: kids ignore the mom when she comes back (comes from mom not giving attention) secure: actively explore their environment and are happy to see mom return (most healthy)
71
adults: avoidant
relatively uninterested in romantic relationships describes parents as rejecting and cold with no examples ignore stress or pretend it doesn't exist don't share personal information
72
adults: insecurely attached
more likely to be engaged in drugs high self esteem good romantic relationships
73
adults: secure
can deal directly with reality

PSY 4210 (22 decks)

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