Exam 2- Volcanoes

Question 1

A wide, broad volcano made up of lava flows (basalt); Mauna Loa, Kilauea

Answer 1

Shield Volcano

Question 2

Tall, steep mountains made up of lava flows, pyroclastic flows, and lahars; big explosive eruptions; ex: Krakatau; Pinatubo, Mt St Helens

Answer 2

Composite (Stratovolcano)

Question 3

Smaller volcano, coned shaped, made up mostly of “cinders” aka tephra; usually found in proximity to another volcano either shield or composite; has a crater at the top (not a caldera)
ex: heimaey, iceland

Answer 3

Cinder cone

Question 4

Where do volcanoes occur?

Answer 4

Plate boundaries

Question 5

Where do most volcanoes occur?

Answer 5

Subduction zone

Question 6

an area in the mantle from which heat rises as a thermal plume from deep in the Earth.
Ex: hawaii, yellowstone

Answer 6

Hot Spot

Question 7

Where are most subduction zones located

Answer 7

Ring of fire (almost anywhere that touches the pacific ocean) Northwestern US, Alaska; Russia, Japan, Indoanesia, The Phillipines, Tonga, Ecuador, Columbia, Costa Rice, Mexico.

Question 8

Molten rock at the surface

Answer 8

Lava flows

Question 9

sharp, jagged block

Answer 9

A’a lava flow

Question 10

smooth, ropy (almost like taffy)

Answer 10

Pahoehoe lava flow

Question 11

Types of volcanic rocks

Answer 11

basalt, rhyolite, andesite

Question 12

dark colored, lava rock (shield, cinder cone, fissure eruption)

Answer 12

basalt lava rock

Question 13

Medium rock, salt and pepper appearance; composite volcanos (more sticky)

Answer 13

Andesite

Question 14

light-colored rock; stickiest of all, globby like toothpaste or peanut butter;
lava domes, oozes out, can’t flow; lava domes, composite volcanoes

Answer 14

Rhyolite

Question 15

(intrusive)igneous rock that comes from magma but cooled UNDER ground. Never erupted from a volcano.

Answer 15

Granite

Question 16

any rock that comes from magma

Answer 16

igneous rock

Question 17

volcanic glass; cools super fast and has no mineral crystals in it

Answer 17

obsidian

Question 18

materials resistance to flow

Answer 18

viscosity

Question 19

watery; erupts easily (basalt)

Answer 19

low viscosity

Question 20

thick, sticky; gets stuck, builds up pressure and have HUGE eruptions; andesite and rhyolite

Answer 20

high viscosity

Question 21

how much silicon + oxygen is in a magma;

*higher silica content=higher viscosity

Answer 21

silica content

Question 22

less viscous=less explosive eruption

Answer 22

Hotter magma

Question 23

higher viscosity=more explosive eruption

Answer 23

colder magma

Question 24

volcanic mud flow caused by melting of ice/snow/glaciers, almost always happening at composite volcanoes

Answer 24

Lahar

Question 25

hot, dense clouds of gas and ash; very dense (dust avalanche)

Answer 25

pyroclastic flow

Question 26

a long high sea wave cause by an earthquake, submarine landslide or other disturbance

Answer 26

Tsunami

Question 27

a collapsed volcano; mostly with composite volcano

Answer 27

Caldera

Question 28

Monitor and evacuation

Answer 28

Mitigation of a volcano

Question 29

* Gas emission * swarms of earthquakes * ground deformation, ground swelling * changes in groundwater (heating up or gases)

Answer 29

Warning signs of an eruption

Question 30

* The biggest volcanic threat in the US (close to populated areas) * glacier at the top (lahars)

Answer 30

Mt. Rainier

Question 31

hot ground water comes to the surface (not always associated with volcanoes)

Answer 31

Hot springs

Question 32

steam vents

Answer 32

fumeroles

Question 33

erupting hot springs

Answer 33

geyser

Question 34

* Island in Greece * Ancient eruption 1600 bc * Africaa-Eurasia convergent boundary * created a tsunami * wiped out the Minoans * some people think legend of Atlantis came from * Moses' plagues

Answer 34

Santorini

Question 35

* Italy, 79 AD, Africa-EurAsian convergent boundary * buried Pompeii and Herculaneum * most know for its archeology * close to Naples (populated)

Answer 35

Vesuvius

Question 36

* April 10, 1815-Indonesia(composite) * India-Australia- Pacific plate * year without a summer, changed climate, ash blocked sunlight * famine trhoughout asia, europe, north america * *inspiired the book of Frankenstein

Answer 36

Tambora

Question 37

* 1883, Indonesia(composite) * India-Australia subducting under Eurasian * giant eruption, loudest sound ever recorded * shock wave traveled around the world * The Scream by Edvard Munch * caldera collapsed and caused a tsunami

Answer 37

Krakatau

Question 38

* 1973, Iceland * mid-atlantic ridge divergent boundary * a fissure eruption/cinder cone/shield volcano; * hot spot and divergent boundary * sprayed ocean water on it to stop it * tephra fall buries town, lava flows destroyed some buildings * 1 person died

Answer 38

Heimaey

Question 39

* 1980-composite volcano * Juan de Fuca-North America Plates * Later eruption-out of the side (ever time observing that happening) * biggest landslide ever recorded on earth * scientific advancement * we learned that eruptions can be predicted * lahars

Answer 39

Mt St Helens

Question 40

* 1991 Phillipines * Philippine-Pacific-Eurasian plates * people were evacuated, 850 still died * typhoon occured at the same time * ash was wet and heavy and made roofs collapse * cooled climate by .5C for a year globally

Answer 40

Pinatubo

Question 41

* Shield volcano on a hot spot, in Hawaii | * erupted 1983-2018, began erupting again in 2020

Answer 41

Kilauea