Exam 2 Wk 1 Flashcards
(50 cards)
Fluid flows from ___ pressure to ____ pressure
High to low pressure
T or F: Fluid takes the path of least resistance
TRUE
What pressure is the primary driving force moving blood into myocardial tissue?
Diastolic BP
3 layers of arteries
Adventitia: outer - basement membrane
Media: middle; makes adjustments to luminal diameter
Intima: endothelium layer; semipermeable to lipoproteins
Atherosclerosis
Accumulation of material between the tunica intima;
- material is debris, calcium, macrophage cells, cholesterol, fibrous connective tissue
Atherosis
Fatty streak of lipid laden macrophages and smooth muscle cells
Sclerosis
Inability of blood vessel to be compliance
- organization of “fibrous cap” of thrombi
Explain lesion progression
Build up of tissue into vessel lumen
Progression of atherosclerosis
Fatty streak > plaque > increasing plaque > obstructive atherosclerotic plaque > plaque fissure results in thrombosis
Risk factors for atherosclerosis
- smoking
- uncontrolled DM
- HTN
- hyperlipidemia
- high velocity/turbulent flow
- systemic inflammation (Hs-CRP, homocysteine)
- suboptimal diet
Which of the risk factors of heart and lung disease are non modifiable?
Age & Heredity
Total Cholesterol Values
Normal < 200mg/dL
Borderline = 200-239 mg/dL
High >= 240 mg/dL
LDL Values
Normal <130 mg/dL
Borderline = 130-159 mg/dL
High > 160
HDL Values
Low < 40 mg/dL
Cardioprotective > 60 mg/dL
- this is the good cholesterol
Lack of exercise increases the risk of CV disease by ___%
Stress and depression __x the risk
Healthy diet decreases the risk by close to ___%
20%
3x
30%
As HDL gets lower or LDL gets higher, the likelyhood of a cardiovascular event __________
Increases
High glucose —> high ____
High insulin levels
Obesity BMI
> 30
Atherosclerosis
Plaques composed of lipid and thrombus
Thrombus
Occludes vessel of piece breaks off (embolus)n
Vasospasm
Build up or migration of cells in the area
Prinzmetal angina
Referred pain patterns in MEN vs WOMEN
MEN: substernal pressure type of pain, radiating down LUE, through to the back, up to the jaw
WOMEN: subtle indigestion, unusual fatigue, SOB w activity
Angina Pectoris
- distress/pain of the chest
- secondary to imbalance of coronary oxygen delivery
3 types of Angina
Stable (typical)
Unstable
Prinzmetal’s (variant)
