Exam 2 WTF Pharma

Question 1

sympathetic NS causes bronchial…

Answer 1

dilation, through an increase in cAMP. smooth muscle relaxes, and the mast cells are inhibited

Question 2

parasympathetic causes bronchial…

Answer 2

construction through an increase in cGMP. smooth muscle construction with mast cell facilitation

Question 3

what is MDI or DPI

Answer 3

meters dose inhaler or dry powder inhaler that delivers medication directly to lung tissue. this is because there is no first pass ( as when you would take something orally)

Question 4

what are the three limitations of using an MDI/DPI

Answer 4

you can’t predict the exact dose
it depends on inspiratory flow
can irritate tissues, cause fibrosis

Question 5

what is the proper usage of an inhaler

Answer 5

take a deep breathe in and out. then slowly breath in, with inhaler, hold 10 seconds. then repeat in one minute

Question 6

what is it called when you use a long aresol holding chamber that delays delivery of medication in a young kid on inhaled corticosteroids

Answer 6

spacer

Question 7

this thing is used to mix medications with fine air, that makes a fine mist, and prolongs delivery for about 10 minutes

Answer 7

nebulizer

Question 8

adrenergic agonists work on the…

Answer 8

SNS

Question 9

cholinergic antagonists work on the…

Answer 9

PNS

Question 10

what is an epi-pen

Answer 10

epinephrine that is a non-specific beta agonist, which will work on the heart and lungs, HR and BP will drop, but bronchodilation will happen to

Question 11

what are SABA and LABA

Answer 11

these are specific beta agonists, or the adrenergic agonists that work on the SNS

Question 12

what is the difference between a SABA and LABA

Answer 12

short acting, takes about 5-15 minutes and can last up to 6 hours, where as the LABA is a duration of about 12 hours. The SABA would be used for a flare up, or before a game. LABA is long term and maintenance

Question 13

what is albuterol (ventolin)

Answer 13

a SABA

Question 14

what is salmeterol (serevent)

Answer 14

LABA

Question 15

what is a LAMA

Answer 15

a cholinergic antagonist, that works in the PNS

Question 16

is a SABA, LABA, LAMA the drugs of choice in COPD

Answer 16

LAMA

Question 17

can a LAMA be used for asthma,

Answer 17

not really

Question 18

TF: there are less side execs with the LAMA then beta agonists? why?

Answer 18

true, because they are not well absorbed by the blood

Question 19

what is ipratropium (atrovent)

Answer 19

LAMA

Question 20

what is tiotropium (spiriva)

Answer 20

LAMA

Question 21

what is combivent

Answer 21

ipratropium bromide and albuterol sulfate (SABA and LAMA)

Question 22

what is methylaxanthines

Answer 22

this is something that will inhibit phosphodiesterase enzyme (PDE) and increase cAMP so there will be increased bronchodilation as by the SNS.

Question 23

what are some examples of methylaxanthines

Answer 23

theophylline, theobromine, and caffeine

Question 24

glucocorticoids have 5 effects, what are they

Answer 24

1. control inflammation mediated bronchospasm
2. inhibit pro-inflammatory products
3. decrease vascular permeability
4. immunosuppression
5. increases the effects of beta agonists.

Question 25

what is budenoside (plumicort), beclemethasone (belcovent) and fluticasone (Flovent)

Answer 25

theses are inhaled long term glucocorticoids for asthma

Question 26

what is prednisone

Answer 26

an oral glucocorticoid for acute infections, exacerbation

Question 27

what is methylprednisone (medrol)

Answer 27

IV use for severe asthma attacks.

Question 28

what is symbicort ( ___ + ____) and advair (___ + ____)

Answer 28

these are steroids and LABA symbicort (budesonide and formoterol) advair (fluticasone and salmeterol)

Question 29

why would you use a leukotriene inhibitor

Answer 29

airway hyper responsiveness, inflammation, SM hypertrophy and mucus secretion

Question 30

what is montelukast (Singulair)

Answer 30

this is a leukotriene inhibitor

Question 31

what drug will enhance glucocorticoids

Answer 31

leukotriene inhibitors

Question 32

what is pirfenidone (esbreit) and nintendanib (ofev)

Answer 32

pulmonary fibrosis medications that inhibits fibrosis and scarring of the lungs. there is no fibroblast proliferation

Question 33

antihistamines block the H1 receptors.... so what does this mean

Answer 33

H1 is involved in nasal congestion, sinusitis, rhinitis, and mucosal irritation, so you have antihistamines that block this receptor

Question 34

why do you get tired when you take an antihistamine

Answer 34

there are receptors in the brain and CNS

Question 35

how does a nasal decongestant work

Answer 35

is relieves congestion in the upper respiratory tracts. with the use of alpha-1-agonists, which cause bronchoconstriction (which dries up the passages)

Question 36

what is pseudoephedrine (sudafed)

Answer 36

a nasal decongestant

Question 37

what is a mucolytic

Answer 37

this decreases the viscosity and thickness of mucus, and causes early mobilization of mucus in the elevators.

Question 38

what is guanefisine (mucinex)

Answer 38

mucolytic

Question 39

guanefisinse and ___ is robitussun

Answer 39

antitussive

Question 40

what is an antitussive

Answer 40

this suppresses the cough reflex, and is not so great if you need to be able to cough to clear secretions

Question 41

what is special about the antitussives

Answer 41

it works on the brainstem, like opiates, and can be addicting.

Question 42

with antibiotics, what do bactericidal dugs do

Answer 42

they rupture the cell walls. this is a mix of penicillins and amoxicillin

Question 43

what do bacteriostatic drugs do

Answer 43

they stop the proliferation of the infection. so macrolides and azythromycin

Question 44

who should get vaccines

Answer 44

elderly, kids between 6month and 4 years, healthcare workers, COPD, pulmonary fibrosis, things like that

Question 45

what drug has side effects that include hyperglycemia, osteoporosis, HTN, myopathy, mood swings

Answer 45

glucocorticoids

Question 46

what drugs have side effects that include tachy, HA, irritability, theophylline toxicity, and seizures and arrhythmia.

Answer 46

methylaxanthines

Question 47

what is the best medication for people with COPD, asthma and IPF

Answer 47

exercise

Question 48

at what pulse ox and SpO2 values would you give oxygen

Answer 48

pulse ox less than 88 and SpO2 less than 55mmHg

Question 49

what is the difference between low and high flow

Answer 49

low flow: its an approximation while high flow is on the money

Question 50

why can't you give more than 60% O2

Answer 50

oxygen toxicity.

Question 51

what are some of the benefits of stopping smoking

Answer 51

your FEV1 normally declines, but it slows the rate of decline if you can quit

Question 52

what is bupropion (Zyban)

Answer 52

this decreases your craving for tobacco

Question 53

what is varenicline (chantix)

Answer 53

decreases withdrawal symptoms

Question 54

nicotine replacement therapy will only work for those who smoke < ____ PPD

Answer 54

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