Exam 2.2 Flashcards
(38 cards)
What are the 2 key moods in mood disorders?
Depression and mania
What are the 2 types of mood disorders?
Unipolar and Bipolar
What kind of episodes are there in mood disorders, and how long do they last?
- Depressive (2+ weeks)
- Manic (1+ weeks)
- Hypomanic (4+ days)
How is hypomania different from mania?
Less impairment in functioning
What are the main clinical features of Major Depressive Disorder (MDD)?
- Unipolar disorder
- Specified as being either single (initial) or recurrent episodes
- No manic episodes
What is a relapse in MDD?
The return of symptoms within a short period of time
What is a recurrence in MDD?
The onset of a new depressive episode
What are the melancholic features of MDD?
- Early morning awakening
- Depression is worse in the mornings
- Psychomotor difficulty
- Appetite/weight changes
- Excessive guilt
What are the psychotic features of MDD?
- Delusions/hallucinations
- Guilt and worthlessness
What are the atypical features of MDD?
- Mood reactivity to events
- Appetite/weight changes
- Hypersomnia
- Leaded paralysis (heavy feeling in limbs)
- Acute sensitivity to rejection
What are the catatonic features of MDD?
- Difficulty in psychomotor functioning
- Mutism/rigidity
What are seasonal pattern features in MDD?
- 2+ episodes in the past 2 years
- Episodes occur at same times every year
- Full remission at the same times every year
- No other nonseasonal episodes in a 2-year period
What is Persistent Depressive Disorder?
- Also known as Dysthymia
- Persistent depressed mood that lasts for most of the day, on more days than not
- Symptoms occur for 2+ years
- Intermittently normal moods lasting at most 2 months
- May co-occur with MDD
What are features of grief?
- Numbing and disbelief
- Yearning and searching
- Disorganization and despair
- Reorganization
What is Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder?
- New DSM-V diagnosis
- Severe irritability, depression, and anxiety shortly before period
- Symptoms go away within a few days of starting period
What are the biological causal factors of unipolar mood disorders?
- Genetic predisposition, such as in serotonin-transporter genes
- Neurochemical disturbances
- Sustained, elevated cortisol activity
- Damage in some areas of the prefrontal cortex
- Disturbances in sleep, circadian rhythm, sunlights, and seasons
- What are the psychosocial causal factors of unipolar mood disorders?
- Stressful life events
- Environmental stressors
- Traits of high neuroticism
- Negative affectivity, temperamental sensitivity to negative stimuli
What are the causal factors of unipolar mood disorders, according to Psychoanalytic Theory?
- Early experiences in life
- Anger turned inward
- Regression to oral stage after losing a loved one
- Correspondence of mourning and depression after losing a loved one
What are some causal factors of unipolar mood disorders, according to Cognitive Theory?
- Outlined by Aaron Beck
- Dysfunctional beliefs
- Negative automatic thoughts, distortions of thought
What is the negative cognitive triad?
- Negative thoughts about self
- Negative thoughts about world
- Negative thoughts about future
What is arbitrary inference?
Jumping to conclusions where there is little-to-no evidence
What is dichotomous reasoning?
All-or-nothing, black-and-white thinking
What is Cyclothymic Disorder?
- Mood changes of abnormal severity that is less severe than Bipolar Disorder mood swings
- 2+ years of hypomanic symptoms
What is Bipolar I Disorder?
- Experiences full-blown mania
- Have mixed episodes of depression and mania
