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BIO 103 > Exam 3 > Flashcards

Exam 3 Flashcards

(73 cards)

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1
Q

Saprobes

A

Fungi that feed on dead organic matter

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2
Q

Autotrophs

A

Organisms that make their own food, converting inorganic carbon into organic carbon

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3
Q

Exploitation

A

Interactions where one member benefits while the other is harmed

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4
Q

Succession

A

The predictable series of changes in a community after a severe disturbance

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5
Q

Source

A

A pool that releases more nutrients than it accepts (short residence time)

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6
Q

Variety

A

Different traits within the same species

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7
Q

Three Domains of Life

A

Bacteria, Archaea, Eukaryota

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8
Q

Ribosomal DNA (rRNA)

A

Type of genetic material used to identify how closely two species are related to each other

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9
Q

Archaea

A

Prokaryotic life forms more closely related to Eukarya than Bacteria

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10
Q

Bacteria

A

Prokaryotic lifeforms that reproduce asexually, some of which are autotrophs

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11
Q

Extremophiles

A

Bacteria and archaea that can thrive in extreme environments

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12
Q

Domain Eukarya

A

Domain divided into four kingdoms: protists, fungi, plants, and animals

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13
Q

Protists

A

Members of domain Eukarya that refer to eukaryotes other than plants, fungi, and animals

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14
Q

Fungi

A

Single celled yeasts

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15
Q

Symbionts

A

Fungi that live in close association with another organism (both benefit)

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16
Q

Parasites

A

Fungi that feed on living organisms (harm the host)

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17
Q

Animals

A

Multicellular eukaryotes that lack cell walls, move under their own power, are heterotrophs, and mostly have neurons/muscle cells

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18
Q

Plants

A

Multicellular eukaryotes that have cell walls with cellulose and are photosynthetic autotrophs

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19
Q

Population

A

Group of individuals of the same species that inhabit a specific region and interact with each other

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20
Q

Community

A

Populations of different species that live within a specific region and interact closely with each other

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21
Q

Ecosystem

A

All the living and non-living entities in a region that interact with each other

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22
Q

Photosynthetic Autotrohps

A

Autotrophs that use energy from the sun to convert CO2 into glucose

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23
Q

Chemosynthetic Autotrophs

A

Autotrophs that use energy from breaking down hydrogen sulfide to convert carbon into organic matter

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24
Q

Heterotrophs

A

Organisms that depend on other organisms for food

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25
Trophic Levels
Feeding levels or energy levels
26
Producers
Autotrophs, or organisms that make their own food
27
Consumers
Heterotrophs, or organisms that cannot make their own food
28
Detritus
Dead organic matter
29
Detritovores/Decomposers
Consumers that get their energy from detritus
30
Food Chain
Path of energy flow across trophic levels (linear)
31
Food Web
Visual map of feeding relationships and energy flow among organisms in a community (network
32
Competition
Multiple organisms seek the same limited resource
33
Intraspecific Competition
Competition between members of the same species
34
Interspecific Competition
Competition between members of different species
35
Predation
Process by which individuals of one species capture, kill, and consume individuals of another species
36
Parasitism
Relationship in which one organism depends on the host
37
Herbivory
Animals that feed on the tissues of plants
38
Symbiotic Relationship
Two species live in close association with each other and depend on each other mutually for survival
39
Pollination
Interactions between plants and animals that result in plant pollination
40
Symbionts
Organisms that have mutual relationship with another organism
41
Keystone Species
Species that has a dramatic effect on an ecosystem disproportionate to its abundance
42
Ecosystem Engineers
Species that physically modify the environment
43
Alien (exotic) species
Non-native species from somewhere else that enters a new community
44
Invasive Species
Non-native species that spreads widely and becomes dominant in a community
45
Disturbance
An event that destroys all or part of the life forms in a region
46
Primary Succession
Occurs after a disturbance removes all vegetation and soil life
47
Pioneer Species
First species to arrive in a primary succession area
48
Climax Community
Remains in place with few changes following a disturbance
49
Secondary Succession
Occurs after a disturbance has removed much, but not all, of the biotic community
50
Productivity
How much biomass is accumulated over time
51
Nutrient
Any element or molecule that organisms require to grow, survive, and reproduce
52
Non-mineral nutrients
Carbon (C), hydrogen (H), and oxygen (O)
53
Mineral nutrients
Mainly nitrogen (N), phosphorous (P), potassium (K), magnesium (Mg), calcium (Ca), etc.
54
Eutrophication
Excess nutrients/nutrient pollution in aquatic systems
55
Hypoxia
Depletion of oxygen
56
Anoxia
No oxygen
57
Biogeochemical cycles
Matter (nutrients) cycles through biological and geological entities via chemical reactions
58
Pools (reservoirs)
Where nutrients reside for varying amounts of time
59
Sink
A pool that accepts more nutrients than it releases (long residence time)
60
Flux
The rate at which materials move between pools
61
Species
Group of organisms that can interbreed naturally and produce fertile and viable offspring
62
Breeds
Refers to varieties within a species of domesticated animal
63
Evolution
Change in average value of a heritable trait in populations over one or more generations
64
Genes
Pieces of code on the DNA
65
Mutation
Random change in an individual's DNA
66
Neutral Mutation
Type of mutation that does not affect fitness
67
Deleterious Mutation
Type of mutation that may quickly be eliminated from the population
68
Beneficial Mutation
Type of mutation that may increase in frequency over generations
69
Genetic Drift
Change in the genetic make-up of the population due to random chance
70
Sexual Selection
Individual that gets most mating opportunities has the highest fitness
71
Artificial Selection
Mechanism of evolution under domestication
72
Common Descent
The idea that any group of organisms will share a most recent common ancestor
73
Adaptive Trait
Trait that provides higher fitness to the individual in a specific environment

BIO 103 (1 decks)

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