Exam 3 Flashcards

Question

What is intimacy?

Answer 1

- self disclosure / sharing of private thoughts - Erikson stage = intimacy vs. isolation (6th developmental stage) stress = managing demands of intimacy, identity and independence.

Answer 2

- important role in development throughout lifespan. - adulthood = new friendships - women have more close friendships and disclose more personal information - men are more likely to do things together - cross gender relationships are valuable but can cause issues.

Answer 3

- strong components of sexuality and infatuation - often dominates early in a relationship (not sustainable kind of love... will shift into something more sustainable or it will end) - intense - sexual desire most important ingredient of romantic love - intermingling of passion, fear, anger, sexual desire, joy and jealousy.

Answer 4

- when someone desires to have other person near: deep, caring affection for the person - as love matures, passions turn to affection. - sexual attraction wanes, attachment anxiety either lessen or produce conflict and withdrawal - if people feel trapped by their marriage at this stage they may cheat. - honey moon phase over ----> familiarity and comfort replaced.

Answer 5

passion, intimacy and commitment (3 components) shows what qualities each kind of love has (checks the boxes) of these 4 kinds of love: infatuation, affectionate love, fatuous love (a crush on someone from afar), consummate love. passion = physical/ sexual attraction intimacy = emotional feelings of warmth, closeness, and sharing in a relationship commitment = cognitive appraisal of relationship and intent to maintain relationship even in face of problems. _________________________ Infatuation = passion Affectionate love = intimacy + commitment Fatuous love = Passion + Commitment (passion motivates a commitment) Consummate love = passion + intimacy + commitment

Answer 6

nuclear families are becoming less common.

Answer 7

- forming intimate relationships with other adults - confronting loneliness - finding their niche in society that is marriage oriented.

Answer 8

living together in a sexual relationship without marriage.

Answer 9

- couples are choosing longer to get married | - many couples choose not to have children

Answer 10

-- never-married men said the most important factor for a potential spouse was similar ideas about raising children.. -- never-married women placed greater importance on having a partner with a steady job.

Answer 11

answer: 1. what is meant by 'invest in your identity capital'? - do something that adds value to who you are - do something that is an investment to who you want to be next. - identity capital gets identity capital. - act / live with purpose to form concrete idea of self. 2. what does ' explore your weak ties' mean? - expand your social network - reach out to your friends of friends to find new jobs, ect. - don't get caught up in small social group you are in; explore people on the sidelines -- you never know who will have an opportunity for you. 3. what is meant by ' pick your family' ? - when you partner with someone and create a family of your own - being intentional with love. / consciously choosing who and what you want rather than just making it work or making time with whoever is choosing you. _____________________________ - claiming your 20's is one of the most simple, yet most transformative thing you can do. - 80% of life defining moments happens before 35 - brain caps off second and last growth spurt in 20's - personality changes more in 20's than any other time in life - female fertility peaks 28, gets tricky around 35 - 20's critical period of adult development. / defining decade of adulthood. - start making intentional choices.

Answer 12

- divorce rate peaks at about 7,8,9 years of marriage. - higher rates of depression, - anxiety , - physical illnesses, - suicide, - motor vehicle accidents, - mortality, - loneliness, - diminished self esteem

Answer 13

remaried adults often find it difficult to stay remarried. sometimes individuals don't get remarried for the right reasons: sometimes this happens for financial help, help with children, reduce loneliness, might carry patterns that produced failure in earlier marriage.

Answer 14

1. establishing love maps (know tiny little details about an individual that others don't) 2. nurturing fondness and admiration 3. turning toward each other instead of away (when you have a fight) 4. letting your partner influence you 5. create shared meaning.

Answer 15

- mixed emotions / romantic illusions of having a child - fathers and mothers bring different parenting practices to the relationship - age when a woman has had her first child has risen; number of children has declined. - older parents are more mature and benefit from life experiences for better parenting.

Answer 16

1. divorce is chance to grow 2. make decisions carefully 3. focus more on the future 4. use your strengths and resources to cope with difficulties 5. don't expect to be successful and happy in everything you do. * post traumatic growth -- positive psych term -- faces adversity, come through it, do better post adversity than they did before

Answer 17

das that on that

Answer 18

evolutionary theory of aging and cellular clock theory

Answer 19

natural selection has not eliminated many harmful conditions/ nonadaptive characteristics in older adults - no natural selection for old age illnesses because we reproduce when we are young e. g. Alzheimer's disease may have been eliminated centuries ago if it occurred earlier in development. - women outlive men (pretty much in every species) --> women have more resistances to infections and degenerative diseases. - men engage in risk taking and physical activities. - natural selection is linked to reproductive fitness

Answer 20

that our cells can only reproduce so many times - the healthier the cell the more it can reproduce. - TELOMERES = caps on ends of DNA that tell you how healthy you are -- telomeres need to be a certain length for cells to reproduce. - cells can divide a maximum of about 75 to 80 times

Answer 21

- hair is thinner - pigmentation on face and hands - wrinkles - weight gain - loose height.

Answer 22

age related loss of muscle mass and strength (especially in back and legs)

Answer 23

inflammation of joints accompanies by pain, stiffness, movement problems

Answer 24

characterized by a loss of bone mass, increased bone fragility, risk of fractures; four times as common in women as in men.

Answer 25

ability to focus/maintain image on the retina; declines sharply between 40 and 59 years old. Unable to focus on close objects, decline in night vision

Answer 26

thickening of the lens of the eye that causes vision to become cloudy and distorted.

Answer 27

damage tot the optic nerve by fluid build up

Answer 28

deterioration macula (part of the retina at the back of the eye) of the retina (focal centre of visual field); may have relatively normal peripheral vision but unable to see clearly what is right in front of them

Answer 29

increases as pain gets older... - back pain - peripheral neuropathic pain - chronic joint pain - women are more likely to report having pain then men.

Answer 30

yes. | - sustained stress is super hard on the body

Answer 31

--> lungs lose elasticity, chest shrinks, diaphragm weakens.

Answer 32

why is it important how we perceive stress in our lives? - when you change your mind about stress you can change your bodies reaction to stress. - anxiety vs. you are energized and ready to meet the challenge. - pounding heart = preparing you for action. - breathing harder --> no problem. more oxygen to brain. - physical stress response changes. - blood vessels stay relaxed. (looks like what happens to blood vessels in moments of joy and courage.) - how you think about stress matters. how does stress make you social? - oxytocin is a neurohormone -- primes you to do things that strengthen social connections. - oxytocin is a stress hormone (pituitary gland pumps it out as a stress response) - motivates you to seek support. - oxytocin acts in body; protects cardiovascular system from the effects of stress; natural anti-inflammatory; helps heart cells regenerate and heal from any stress induced damage -- when you reach out to others under stress , or to help someone else you recover quicker from stress. how does helping others impact death from stress? - caring creates resilience. - less deaths from stress - individuals who reached out and cared for others when the suffered a personal tragedy has less of a fatality rate than those who did not. - doing meaningful activities for society (volunteering, ect.) how does having a stressful job relate to meaning? - chasing meaning is better for health than trying to avoid discomfort - go after whatever it is that creates meaning in your life and trust yourself to handle the stress that follows.

Answer 33

midlife transition during which fertility declines

Answer 34

time in middle age when menstrual periods cease completely

Answer 35

condition in which the body does not produce enough testosterone - leads to a loss of strength and sex drive

Answer 36

difficulty in attaining or maintaining an erection, is present in approximately 50% of men 40 to 70 years old.

Answer 37

crystallized intelligence continues to increase across lifespan = individuals's accumulated information and verbal skills; continues to increase in middle adulthood. fluid intelligence peaks in early adulthood, then drops down = ability to reason abstractly; begins to decline during middle adulthood (can't teach and old dog new tricks)

Answer 38

working memory is a work bench, where individuals manipulate and assemble information when making decisions, solving problems, and comprehending written and spoken language. - tends to decline in late middle age.

Answer 39

memory of facts and experience that individuals consciously know and can state.

Answer 40

retention of information about life's happenings (e.g. first kiss). >> falls under explicit memory

Answer 41

a persons knowledge about the world (e.g. the ferry schedule, or baking techniques) >> falls under explicit memory

Answer 42

memory without conscious recollection ; involves skill and routine procedures,, such as driving a car; less affected by age.

Answer 43

expert knowledge about practical aspects of life that permits excellent judgement about important matters. >> involves giving back to community and self sacrifice. - more than standard conceptions of intelligence; focuses on life's pragmatic concerns and human conditions. - involves putting others before self

Answer 44

ability to focus attention on selected stimulus for a prolonged period of time. - older adults often perform this aswwell as middle age and younger adults.

Answer 45

paying attention to one thing and ignoring another thing. *filtering* selective attention goes down as you get older ; can't filter aswel when you get older.

Answer 46

- your ability to think

Answer 47

- a lack of cognitive activity patterns might result in disuse and consequently atrophy of cognitive skills - cognitive vitality in older adults cn be accomplished through ties of cognitive fitness training

Answer 48

ability of brain to change continuously over lifespan - changes in the brain can influence cognitive functioning and changes in cognitive functioning can influence the brain. - you use both sides of brain more when you get older

Answer 49

*umbrella term* global term for any neurological disorder where primary symptoms involve deterioration of mental functioning - caused by a loss of brain cells and breakdown of nerve connections

Answer 50

a progressive, irreversaible Brian disorder characterized by a gradual deterioration of memory, reasoning, language and eventually physical functioning. the most common type of dementia. - amyloid plaques (dense deposits of protein in the blood vessels) - neurofibrillary tangles (twisted fibers built up in neurone) - composed of a protein called TAU

Answer 51

represents transitional state between the cognitive changes of normal aging and very early Alzheimers disease and other dementias

Answer 52

results from loss of cells in the brain that produce dopamine, a chemical that controls the bodies movements - tremors can develop, muscle movements become slower/more rigid; reflexes impaired, contributed to a loss of balance. - second to Alzheimer's as most common neurodegenerative disorder - chronic, progressive disorder with no known cause.

Answer 53

powerful influence in some adults' lives, whereas it plays little or no role in the lives of others. - for it to be powerful an individual must have intrinsic motivation (not extrinsic) - women participate in organized/personal forms of religion more than men.

Answer 54

search for meaning in life through a connection to something larger than ourselves; broad concept with many individualized perspectives - examining the finiteness of our existence and the certainty of death adds meaning to life. - as people become increasingly aware of the diminishing number of years, many people ask/ evaluate the meaning of life; meaning-making especially helpful in times of chromic stress and loss.

Answer 55

Generatively vs. Stagnation generatively = desire to leave legacies of themselves to the next generation (achieve a kind of immortality) stagnation = individuals sense that they have done little or nothing for the next generation. >> Erickson says this is the crisis that people go thorough at this stage.

Answer 56

when individuals look back at their life do they feel like they have done so successfully. individuals reflect on the past/ piecing together a positive review or concluding that one's life has not been well spent. if you fucked up earlier in life, then things would start haunting you at this point in time "I was a bad parent,.." ect. this is eriksons last stage. can cause poor mental health for seniors if they are ruminating about earlier stages of life.

Answer 57

1. novice phase: end of teen years; transition from dependence to independence should occur; formation of a dream. 2. becoming one's own man (or BOOM) - 28 to 33 years old -- man goes through a transition period facing more serious question of determining his goals 3. middle adulthood (ages 40 to 45( four major confilicts that occur within this time. - being young vs. being old - being destructive vs being constructive - being masculine vs. being feminine - being attached to other vs being separate.

Answer 58

when a middle-aged adult is suspended between past and future. trying to hold onto youth. trying to cope with the cap that threatens life's continuity.

Answer 59

emphasizes how life events influence individual development. it is not only the vent but mediating factors as well. >> its not about age, its about what you are going through. > when are you reaching these major milestones at life. when did you have babies? at 15 or 35 when did you fall into your career at 20 or 40? * not about what age you were at when these life events occurred* criticism of this: some say that this perspective ignore the day to day influences on a persons life and only takes into account major events.

Answer 60

- the less autonomy that someone has the more stress that they feel - if an individual has a high external locus of control they struggle more with depression and helplessness. - some aspects of personal control increase with a ge and others decrease - sense of control is frequently challenged by demands and responsibilities as well as physical and cognitive aging. - sense of control in middle age is linked to delay onset of disease and improved health. - the more autonomy you feel that you have within life, the healthier you will be through lifespan. - women are more likely to suffer depression from stress

Answer 61

a typical reaction to stress (especially for men) | tend to turn to alcohol, aggression, withdrawl

Answer 62

women's reaction to stress (seek contact with others).

Answer 63

active and involved older adults more likely to be satisfied with their lives. age more successfully and are happier than they are if they disengage from society. biological benefits: circulating blood, and active can ward off anxiety and depression.

Answer 64

older adults are more selective about social networks and place high value on emotional satisfaction. spend more time with familiar individuals with whom they have had rewarding relationships. you get picky about who you are gonna spend time with. friends that you save from when you are younger, tend to become very rich and deep.

Answer 65

- optimism | - high levels of conscientiousness (attention to detail, reliability, organized, dependable) leads to lower mortality.

Answer 66

- enjoyment in learning - self-confidence - open to new experiences

Answer 67

a decline in marital satisfaction afterwards kids leave not very common (most couples actually get happier after kids leave) this mostly affects parents who invest their whole identity within their children.

Answer 68

- senior citizens clock in more volunteer hours than any other demographic - they also give the most money - volunteering increases mental and physical health of the volunteer - older adults perceive their wellbeing as better when they give help rather than receive it.

Answer 69

has often been used to describe perceived control over the environment and the ability to produce positive outcomes - successful aging occurs when an individual feel like they have control over their lives.

Answer 70

neurological definition of death that states that a person is brain dead when ALL electrical activity of the brain has ceased for a specific period of time Brain's lower portion monitors heartbeat and respiration. When higher brain areas die a person may continue to breathe and have a heart beat. most physicians include death of higher cortical functions and lower brain stem functions.

Answer 71

became legal: June 2016, updated 2021 legal criteria: - 18+ - voluntary request / not externally pressured - have to consent - have to be of sound mind to consent - have to give consent again right before procedure. - have serious and incurable illness, disease, or disability (including a mental illness) - for people who have tried other therapies, and can't find relief though anything positives: - gives an individual back their autonomy if they are suffering at the end of their lives (they get to control when they go) - for some, good death involves accepting impending death and not feeling like a burden to others. controversy: - need to be better in public health systems so that this isn't the "easy out" when life is tough.

Answer 72

1. preference for dying process (94% of reports) 2. pain free status (81%) 3. emotional well-being (64%)

Answer 73

7500 people

Answer 74

canada no longer requires the individuals death to be medically foreseeable, opening it up for individuals who are suffering and wish to no longer be alive

Answer 75

- chronic pain - mental health issues - hoplessness - lack of medical services / supports in home care. - disabilities - chronic depression - chronic fatigue

Answer 76

helps individuals and loved ones make choices. so that others are aware of your wishes. "what do they want to do if..." decision maker designated, loved ones, and health care providers informed of the patient's preferences (e.g. do-not-resuscitate) takes stress off of loved ones to make hard choices if something were to happen to you. and don't have to contemplate "what they would want"

Answer 77

program committed to making the end of life as free from pain, anxiety, depression as possible includes therapy. includes a team of professionals that help family as they move through the process of death.

Answer 78

reduce pain and suffering and helping individuals die with dignity.

Answer 79

for some, death means loneliness and others death is a quest for happiness. not everyone has the same idea of what happens after death. in most societies, death is not viewed as the end of existence. (reincarnation, heaven, energy/spirit, ect.)

Answer 80

1. DENIAL AND ISOLATION - person denies death is going to happen. 2. ANGER - person recognizes denial can no longer be maintained; gives way to anger, resentment, rage, envy 3. BARGAINING - person develops hope death can be postponed. (first time that the idea of death is accepted) 4. DEPRESSION - person comes to accept the certainty of death. May isolate and cry a lot 5. ACCEPTANCE - person develops a sense of peace and acceptance of fate. may desire to be left alone. feelings and physical pain may be absent. * stages are not fixed. people can go from denial to anger, back to denial, then depression*

Answer 81

when someone is trying to prolong their live.. the idea that people have control over their lives. lifts spirits because they feel like they are in control sense of control and autonomy are very important for peoples wellbeing. may work as an adaptive strategy for some older adults who face death. - individuals led to believe they can influence and control events (prolong their lives) may become more alert and cheerful

Answer 82

way for some individuals to approach death. - can be adaptive or maladaptive - used to avoid the destruction impact of shock, delaying the necessity of dealing with health adaptive denial can look like "I'm not going to think about it I'm just going to live my life" maladaptive denial is ignoring the recommendations of doctors and refusing to know they are dieing

Answer 83

1. allows an individual to close their lives in accord with their own ideas about dieing. 2. can complete plans and projects, make arrangement for survivors, and participate in decisions about a funeral and burial. 3. opportunity to reminisce/ talk with others who have been important to them, and end life conscious of what life has been like 4. dying individuals have more understanding of what is happening to their bodies and what medical procedures are doing (autonomy) -- there are a lot of benefits to transparency --

Answer 84

the emotional numbness, disbelief, separation, anxiety, despair, sadness and loneliness that accompany the loss of someone we love.

Answer 85

mental disorder that can often cause vivid nightmares and flashbacks; often creates feelings of nervousness and irritability.

Answer 86

sufferers feel numb and detached. believe life is empty without the deceased and feel future has no meaning

Answer 87

grief that is a socially ambiguous loss that can't be openly mourned or supported (ex-spouse, abortion, affair ect). when you are grieving, but due to circumstances cannot be public with your grief. this can be super challenging for people because people have a need to connect. when you can't talk to others about what you are going through it makes you feel more alone.

Exam 3 Flashcards

(120 cards)