Exam #3 Flashcards by Gavin Johnson

What is the most common injury in athletics?

ankle sprains (inversion (more #) and eversion))

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What happens during Inversion sprains?

most frequent

anterior talofibular ligament

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is an eversion ankle sprain? What’s good about it?

inward rotation of ankle causing damage to deltoid ligament

bony protection and ligament strength are good at preventing this sprain

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is a Syndesmotic Spain? What is its significance? What ligaments are damaged?

high ankle sprain with dorsiflexion and external rotation

takes a while to heal

Anterior tibiofibular/medial/lateral ligaments

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What are the signs of Tibial and Fibular fractures? How to care for these fractures?

leg will be hard and swollen. deformity

immediate splint and medical referral, restricted weight bearing for weeks/months

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is medial tibial stress syndrome?

“shin splints”

overuse in anterior portion of shin

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

How to care for shin splints?

x-ray and bone scan

fix biomechanics, ice massage, flexibility program for gastroc-soleus complex, arch taping and orthotics

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is compartment syndrome? Signs?

direct blow to lower leg

excessive swelling, deep aching, weakness with foot and toe extension (can lead to numbness in dorsal region of foot)

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Which tests MCL?

Valgus (inward with thigh, outward with lower leg)

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Which test LCL

Varus test (outward with thigh and inward with lower leg)

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What test tests ACL tear?

Lachman Drawer Test

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What are the functions of the Meniscus?

Shock absorption and add structure to tibialfemoral joint

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What are the signs of a Patella Fracture? How to care for? How long is he/she immobilized for?

hemorrhaging, bone fragments and possible quad tendon tear

x-ray for confirmation, RICE and splint, immobilize for 2-3 months

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is a Patellar subluxation? Signs and care?

Quad pulls patella out alignment during deceleration or cutting

pain and swelling, loss of ROM, tenderness over adductor tubercle

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is Patellar Tendinosis? Signs and care?

inflammation of patellar tendon

RICE, focus on strengthening and stretching

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What are the signs and care methods for Quad strains?

pain, spasm/loss of function

RICE, neoprene sleeve

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What to be aware of with thigh contusion?

development of myositis ossificans

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What are the signs of hamstring strains and how to care for?

muscle belly or attachment pain, loss of function and discoloring

RICE, rehab for strengthening and stretching

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

How do femoral fracture happen?

What are the signs of injury? How to care for it? How long are you immobilized?

auto accidents, significant force, occurs in middle third

shock, pain, deformity

splint, x-ray, be aware of bone displacement and deformity

6-8 weeks

What are the causes, signs, and care for groin strains?

poor strength and flexibility with overuse

pain and internal hemorrhaging

RICE

What is Piriformis Syndrome

compression of sciatic nerve, mimics sciatica and runs from lower back/butt to knee

What is Osgood Schlatter Disease/Larsen Johansson Disease?

apophysitis at tibial tubercle from repeated pulling by tendon, bony callus forms

Larsen = inferior pole of patella

What are the signs of head injuries? What to do?

severe headache, nausea, palpation, blood in ears, nose, raccoon eyes, behind ear,

Cerebrospinal fluid in nose or ear

seek immediate help

Dealing with Facial Lacerations

pressure and refer to a physician for stitches

What is epistaxis? How to care for?

Nosebleed Lean forward to avoid swallowing blood and plug/hold with firm pressure to create buildup

How to deal with foreign objects in the eye?

close eye and determine location, sterile swab, use saline, eye patch

What is a Hyphema? What are the signs/symptoms?

blunt blow to the eye which can lead to problems with lens, choroid and retina blood pooling, reddish tint, vision becomes blocked

How to deal with a tooth fracture?

place tooth in saline solution or reattach, if root is exposed very big problem

What is key when dealing with ankle sprain? How to care for Ankle sprain?

key is managing pain and swelling horseshoe foam pad for compression, ice, elevation, avoid weight bearing first 24 hrs, maintain range of motion

How to care for Ankle fractures/dislocations? How long are they immobilized?

x-ray, RICE, cast/immobilize for 6-8 wks, rehab

What are the classification terms when talking about knee instability? What happens with these over time?

knee laxity - straight and rotary instability Translation - glide of tibial plateau relative to the femoral condyle laxity and translation increase with injury/wear

How to care for ACL sprain? How long are they immobilized for and what comes after?

RICE, arthroscopy to assess injury, need surgery to avoid degeneration, 3-5 weeks of brace, 4-6 months of rehab

cause of PCL tear and signs?

fall on bent knee or rotational force pop in the back of the knee, swelling in the popliteal fossa, laxity w posterior sag test

What is Runner's knee called? Signs? Care?

Iliotibial band friction syndrome irritation near insertion, tenderness and swelling over lateral femoral condyle correct misalignments, ice, avoid aggravating activities

What hip problem develops in younger kids 4-10?

Legg Calve Perthes Disease avascular necrosis of the femoral head

What is an Iliac Crest Contusion? What are the signs and care methods?

Hip Pointer - contusion of iliac crest of abdominals from direct blow Pain, spasm/transitory paralysis of soft structures RICE, bed rest, referral, padding

What is avulsion fracture? Signs? Care?

pulling of tendon away and off of bony insertion during acceleration and deceleration pain, swelling, limited ROM rest, graduated exercise

What are the signs and symptoms of Cerebral Concussion?

altered levels of consciousness, tinnitus, nausea, dizziness, posttraumatic amnesia, retrograde amnesia, concentration difficulty, blurred vision, photophobia

What is the difference between retrograde amnesia and posttraumatic amnesia?

retrograde amnesia = can't remember stuff from before or how event happened posttraumatic can't remember familiar things, takes time to recover

What is Post Concussion Syndrome? Signs? How long does it last?

range of post-concussion issues such as headaches, memory, anxiety and irritability weeks to months

What are the causes of Second Impact Syndrome? What are the Signs and potential outcomes?

rapid swelling and herniation after second concussion before initial one was solved, disrupts brain's blood autoregulatory system w/ in 15 secs condition rapidly declines, dilated pupils, loss of eye movement, potential coma and respiratory failure

What causes a cerebral contusion? What are the signs? How to care for it?

head strikes a stationary object causing hemorrhaging/ intracranial bleeding LOC, needs neurological exam for headache, dizziness, and nausea hospitalize with CT and MRI

What causes and Epidural Hematoma? What are the signs?

blow to head or skull fracture which tears meningeal arteries rapid rise in BP, blood accumulation, and hematoma

What are the signs of Epidural Hematoma? How to care for?

LOC followed by lucidity, other symptoms that normally occur with head injuries urgent hospitalization and CT scan

Causes of injury for subdural hematoma?

accelerated forces that tear vessels that bridge dura mater and brain

How to deal with a orbital hematoma?

cold application

What causes an orbital fracture? What are the signs and methods of care?

blow to the eyeball forcing it posteriorly diplopia, restricted eye movement, soft tissue swelling, numbness x-ray, antibiotics, surgical