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Pharmacology 314 > EXAM 3 > Flashcards

EXAM 3 Flashcards

(69 cards)

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1
Q

NSAIDs

A

aspirin, celecoxib, ibuprophen

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2
Q

pepsin inhibitors

A

sucralfate

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3
Q

antacids

A

aluminum hydroxide

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4
Q

thiazolidinediones

A

“glitazone” ending

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5
Q

Decreases glucose production by liver and reduces glucose absorption from intestines.

Interactions: Iodinated CT dyes, nicotine, morphine and thiazide diuretics may cause lactic acidosis and AKI

A

biguanide (metformin)

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6
Q

Pharmacologic Class: ADH Analog

Therapeutic Class: Drug for diabetes insipidus and nocturia

A

DESMOPRESSIN

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7
Q

Action: Increase beta cell stimulation of INSULIN- need
functioning pancreas
Food interferes with absorption

A

meglitinides (repaglinide)

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8
Q

Incretin: GI hormone that tells pancreas to secrete insulin
Prevents breakdown of Incretin
Slows gastric emptying

A

INCRETIN MODIFIERS (-gliptin endings)

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9
Q

mineralocorticoid

A

fludrocortisone

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10
Q

Acts by inhibiting the digestive enzyme in the small intestine that is
responsible for releasing glucose from the simple carbohydrates in
the diet; slows carb digestion

A

ALPHA- GLUCOSIDASE INHIBITOR

acarbose & miglitol

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11
Q

Adrenal cortex -Corticosteroids -hyposecretion

A

Addison’s disease; hydrocortisone and prednisone

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12
Q

pancreatic enzyme

A

pancrelipase

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13
Q

opioid antidiarrhea

A

diphenoxylate w/ atropine

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14
Q

Interferons

A

interferon alfa-2B

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15
Q

NURSING CONSIDERATIONS FOR ANTI-THYROID DRUGS

A

Administer meds with meals
Teach pts to avoid foods, OTC meds that
contain iodine
Iodized salt, shellfish, OTC cough medicines
Monitor for s/s of hypothyroidism

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16
Q 
NO Alcohol = produces a 
disulfiram-like reaction(med 
to rx etoh abuse):
flushing, headache, 
sweating nausea, violent 
vomiting and weakness.
A

SULFONYLUREAS (glipizide)

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17
Q

long-acting insulin

A

insulin glargine

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18
Q

NURSING CONSIDERATIONS FOR

INTERFERON ALFA-2B

A

Available for IV, IM, and SQ administration for those at risk
of bleeding
Adverse Reaction: flulike syndrome of fever, chills,
dizziness and fatigue (50% of patients), HA, n/v,
diarrhea, anorexia, depression, suicidal ideation
Prolonged therapy can lead to serous toxicity
Teach to report fever, malaise, weakness, vaginal yeast
infections, gingivitis, and increased bleeding
Teach to rise slowly due to dizziness and changes to
LOC related to neurotoxicity
Teach to report s/s of infection & monitor for decreases
in RBCs, WBCs & platelets
Monitor for jaundice, increase in LFTs & bilirubin

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19
Q

Directly stimulates beta cells in pancreas to secrete insulin, alters sensitivity of peripheral insulin receptors, allowing for increased insulin binding

A

sulfonylureas

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20
Q

rapid-acting insulin

A

insulin aspart & insulin lispro

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21
Q

Centrally Acting COX Inhibitor

A

acetaminophen

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22
Q

emollients (stool softner)

A

docusate sodium

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23
Q

vaccine type: polio virus, whole cell pertussis, rabies, & hepatitis A

A

Inactivated (dead): Boosters sometimes needed with these

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24
Q

H2 receptor blocker

A

ranitidine

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25
NURSING CONSIDERATIONS FOR HYPOTHYROIDISM PHARMACOTHERAPY
TSH, T3, T4, monitor. Take on empty stomach in morning (same time) Hypo/hyperthyroidism, monitor for signs & symptom improvement Review how to take a pulse Observe clinical improvement 3 to 4 days Increase metabolic rate is the ACTION, Increase effects of sympathomimetic and antidepressants. Do NOT change brands of drug  Monitor vital signs, weight  Administer drug before breakfast so food will not alter absorption & to promote sleep at night  Check labels prior to using OTCs to avoid increased CNS effects  Advise reporting of symptoms of hyperthyroidism  Encourage medic-alert tag  Warn of foods that inhibit thyroid secretion (sweet potatoes & strawberries)
26
phenothiazines
prochlorperazine
27
NURSING CONSIDERATIONS FOR ADH THERAPY
Assess for electrolyte imbalances Assess for changes in urine output and fluid intake Monitor serum sodium and potassium levels Monitor urine specific gravity, routine urinalysisNormal specific gravity: 1-1.03 Monitor body weight and fluid intake/output Assess vital signs, especially blood pressure and pulse Assess neurologic status Symptoms of headache Changes in mental status: drowsiness, confusion Advise patients to avoid alcohol Monitor for s/s of excessive ADH
28
Fludrocortisone (Florinef)  Oral mineralocorticoid Use...
addison's disease
29
Incretin Modifiers
“-gliptin” ending
30
``` Corticosteroids (ant-iinflammatory) Used to decrease inflammation in numerous chronic and acute conditions ```
prednisone
31
serotonin receptor antagonists
ondansetron
32
2nd gen sulfonylureas
glipizide
33
chloride channel activator
lubiprostone
34
corticosteroid
hydrocortisone
35
antithyroid drug
methimazole
36
prokinetic agent
metoclopramide
37
Synthetic analog of human ADH, acts on the kidneys to increase water reabsorption Adverse Effect- water intoxication, hypertension
desmopressin
38
thyroid hormone replacement
levothyroxine
39
Contraindications: Thyrotoxicosis, MI, severe renal disease, adrenal insufficiency; caution with CV disease, HTN, and angina AR: Tachycardia, HTN, palpitations, osteoporosis, seizures, angina pectoris, cardiac dysrhythmias, cardiovascular collapse
LEVOTHYROXINE SODIUM
40
myxedema
hypothyroidism
41
stimulant laxative
bisacodyl & senna
42
mineral for anti-anemia
iron
43
short-acting insulin
human regular insulin
44
alpha-glucosidase inhibitors
acarbose & miglitol
45
Immunosuppressants
cyclosporine
46
Less toxic to bone marrow compared to other immunosuppressants Used for ulcerative colitis Up to 75% experience decreased urine output Over 50% experience decreased BP and tremor Can cause nephrotoxicity and rise in hepatic enzymes Avoid grapefruit juice Avoid pregnancy until at least 4 months after completion
cyclosporine
47
Meglitinides
“-glinide” ending
48
Proton Pump Inhibitor (PPI)
omeprazole
49
intermediate acting insulin
NPH
50
alkaloid emetics
ipecac
51
ACETYLSALICYLIC ACID
aspirin Reye’s syndrome: children <19 when flu, fever, chicken pox present • Brain swelling, confusion, diarrhea, tachypnea, n/v, fatigue
52
Contraindicated: Infection, PUD, diabetes, CHF, MI, HTN, cataracts, glaucoma
prednisone
53
ADH analog
desmopressin
54
prostaglandin analogues
misoprostol
55
bulk forming laxative
psyllium
56
osmotic laxatives
polyethylene glycol & lactulose
57
Approved for anti-rejection | s/p organ transplantation
CYCLOSPORINE
58
treatment of acetaminophen overdose
acetylcysteine
59
* Adjusted doses dependent upon individual blood glucose * Usually done before eating and at bedtime AC and HS * Usually utilizes rapid or short-acting insulin
sliding scale insulin coverage
60
vaccines
hep B
61
5-aminosalicylic acid
sulfasalazine
62
Insulin Sensitizer: Work by decreasing insulin resistance and inhibiting hepatic glucose production. Improves insulin sensitivity at the receptor site. Improves blood glucose control Does not cause hypoglycemia when taken alone because it does not stimulate pancreas to RELEASE insulin.
THIAZOLIDINEDIONES (-glitazones)
63
retinoid lipid-soluble vitamin
vitamin a
64
water-soluble vitamin
folic acid
65
biguanides
metformin
66
Adrenal cortex -Corticosteroids -Hypersecretion:
cushings syndrome; ketoconazole (Nizoral) and mitotane (Lysodren)
67
Hypoglycemic Drugs
dextrose & glucagon
68
``` Prepared by recombinant DNA technology Therapeutic class: Immunostimulant • Used to treat cancers, viral infections ```
interferon alfa 2B
69
Contraindicated in patient’s w/ hypersensitivity to yeast or HBV
Hep B vaccine

Pharmacology 314 (3 decks)

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