Exam 3

Question 1

What is the primary mechanism of action of nicotine in the synapse?

Answer 1

initially activates, and then blocks acetylcholine receptors (mixed/partial acetylcholine receptor agonist)

Question 2

How can smokers get the same amount of nicotine from a “low tar, low nicotine” or “light” cigarette as from a normal cigarette?

Answer 2

all of the above

Question 3

The current primary therapeutic use of nicotine is

Answer 3

aiding in smoking cessation

Question 4

Acute nicotine overdose causes death primarily by

Answer 4

paralyzing the muscles used in respiration

Question 5

Although lung cancer is not common about { } percent of all lung cancers occur in smokers

Answer 5

85

Question 6

Tobacco mixed with fruit and other flavors is sometimes smoked in a group setting featuring a tall water pipe called

Answer 6

hookah

Question 7

Bupropion is sold under this trade name as a drug used to aid in smoking cessation

Answer 7

Zyban

Question 8

Research on the mechanism of action of caffeine has focused mainly on its

Answer 8

antagonism of adenosine receptors

Question 9

Which of the following health risks of caffeine use is false

Answer 9

caffeine is a potent carcinogen

Question 10

How was coffee first discovered

Answer 10

goats ate coffee beans and “danced”

Question 11

The unique xanthine in chocolate is called

Answer 11

theobromine

Question 12

Chocolate is made from the kernels of the

Answer 12

cacao plant

Question 13

Theophylline, the xanthine present in tea leaves, has been used clinically to treat

Answer 13

asthma

Question 14

About how many cups of coffee would it take to get close to the human LD50 for caffeine

Answer 14

100

Question 15

This nutritional supplement is still sold with no restrictions despite a recent FDA warning about liver damage resulting from high doses

Answer 15

kava root

Question 16

This OTC drug has been abused by teens as a hallucinogen. Some refer tot he practice as “robotripping”

Answer 16

dextromethorphan

Question 17

Recent research into the mechanism of action of kava has focused mainly on its

Answer 17

indirect agonism of GABA receptors

Question 18

Dextromethorphan is often added to cold medications as a

Answer 18

cough suppressant

Question 19

Aspirin, Tylenol, and Ibuprofen all share this analgesic mechanism

Answer 19

inhibition of cyclooxyrgenase, which prevents prostaglandins from sensitizing pain neurons

Question 20

Manufacturers may print general health claims on nutritional supplements provided they are accompanied by which of the following statements

Answer 20

*This statement has not been evaluated by the FDA. This product is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease

Question 21

The only stimulant currently allowed for over-the-counter sale in the US is

Answer 21

caffeine

Question 22

Which of the following (if any) is true about opioids

Answer 22

none the above

Question 23

What is the difference between heroin and opium

Answer 23

opium is a relatively unprocessed plant substance; heroin is a purified derivative of a drug found in opium

Question 24

Compared to withdrawal from alcohol or benzodiazepine dependence, withdrawal from opioids is

Answer 24

extremely unpleasant, but not as life-threatening as withdrawal from heavy alcohol or benzodiazepine abuse

Question 25

In addition to morphine, a second psychoactive opioid found naturally in the poppy plant is

Answer 25

codeine

Question 26

Adding two acetyl groups to morphine creates heroin, making this semisynthetic opioid more potent. Why?

Answer 26

the acetyl groups allow heroin to cross the blood/brain barrier more easily