Exam #3 Flashcards
(50 cards)
13th andmendment
The Thirteenth Amendment ended the long-standing conflicts between slaveholding and non-slaveholding states by abolishing and prohibiting slavery and involuntary servitude across the United States.
14th
The Fourteenth Amendment ensured the national and state citizenships of former slaves, prevented states from discriminating against citizens of other states, implied a right to travel, extended due process requirements to states, and promised equal protection under the law.
15th
prohibits the federal government and each state from denying or abridging a citizen’s right to vote “on account of race, color, or previous condition of servitude.
19th
women can vote
24th
abolition of poll tax
26th
lowers voting age from 21 to 18
American Indian Movement (AIM)
occupied Wounded Knee,
South Dakota, demanding the federal government honor past treaties in
which it failed to perform its obligations. The 71-day armed standoff
with federal law enforcement killed two people and injured fifteen.
Americans with Disabilities Act
Act of 1990
– prohibits discrimination in employment
– requires physical access to public building & public
services
civil Rights Act of 1866
guaranteed right to purchase or lease property
civil Rights Act of 1871
persons acting under authority of state law, cannot deprive another person of rights protected by the constitution or federal law
civil Rights Act of 1875
prohibited segregation in privately owned
businesses and facilitie
civil Rights Act of 1957
created Civil Rights Division in the Justice Dept
– created U.S. Civil Rights Commission
– largely symbolic, lacked enforcement powers
civil Rights Act of 1964
cannot discriminate or segregate in any public accommodations affecting interstate commerce on race, color, religion or national origin
– banned discrimination in all federal programs or activities receiving federal financial assistance
– employers and labor unions cannot discriminate on race, color, religion, sex or national origin
civil Rights Act of 1968
Fair Housing Act
– bans discrimination in advertising, financing, sale or rental of housing based on race, religion, national origin, sex (1974 amendment), handicapped and families with children (1988 amendment)
Compromise of 1877
informal agreement between southern Democrats and allies of the Republican Rutherford Hayes to settle the result of the 1876 presidential election and marked the end of the Reconstruction era.
GOP retains White House but agrees to end Southern reconstruction
equal protection clause
all persons born in the U. S. are citizens
– states cannot deprive any person of “life, liberty, or property without due process of law”
– states may not “deny to any person within its jurisdiction the equal protection of the laws”
hate crime
the Matthew Shepard Act, in 2009 made it a federal hate crime to attack someone based on gender, gender identity, sexual orientation, or disability and made it easier for federal, state, and local authorities to investigate hate crimes, but it has not necessarily made the world safer for LGBTQ Americans.
LULAC(League of United Latin American Citizens)
Corpus Christi, TX in 1929, to protest against discrimination and to fight for greater rights for Latinos.
Montgomery Bus Boycott 1955-1956
After Rosa Parks refused to give up her bus seat to a White person and was arrested, a group of Black women carried out a day-long boycott of Montgomery’s public transit system. This boycott was then extended for over a year and overseen by union organizer E. D. Nixon. The effort desegregated public transportation in that city.
Reconstruction
the period from 1865 to 1877 during which the governments of Confederate states were reorganized prior to being readmitted to the Union
Seneca Falls Women’s Rights Convention 1848 New York
Stanton wrote the Declaration of Sentiments, which was modeled after the Declaration of Independence and proclaimed women were equal to men and deserved the same rights. Among the rights Stanton wished to see granted to women was suffrage, the right to vote.
separate but equal doctrine
They passed laws that excluded African Americans from juries and allowed the imprisonment and forced labor of “idle” Black citizens. The laws also called for segregation of White and Black people in public places under the doctrine known as “separate but equal.” As long as nominally equal facilities were provided for both races, it was legal to require members of each race to use the facilities designated for them. Similarly, state and local governments passed laws limiting neighborhoods in which Black and White people could live.
Stonewall Inn
In June 1969, gay men, lesbians, and transgender people erupted in violence when New York City police attempted to arrest customers at a gay bar in Greenwich Village called the Stonewall Inn. The patrons’ ability to resist arrest and fend off the police inspired many members of New York’s LGBTQ community, and the riots persisted over several nights.
Trail of Tears
Between 1831 and 1838, members of several southern tribes, including the Cherokees, were forced by the U.S. Army to move west along routes shown in Figure 5.15. The forced removal of the Cherokees to Oklahoma Territory, which had been set aside for settlement by displaced tribes and designated Indian Territory, resulted in the death of one-quarter of the tribe’s population.102 The Cherokees remember this journey as the Trail of Tears.
