Exam 3 Flashcards
(55 cards)
Health
the extent of a person’s physical, mental, and social well-being
Medicine
social institution that seeks to prevent, diagnose, and treat illness and to promote health in its various dimensions
Health care
the provision of medical services to prevent, diagnose, and treat health problems
Sick role
refers to the expectations that must be met in order for someone to be considered legitimately sick and to be exempt from their normal obligations
○ Shouldn’t be perceived as causing own health problem
○ Sick people want to get well
○ Sick people are expected to have their illness confirmed by a physician or other health-care professional and to follow the professional’s instructions in order to become well
National health insurance
ensured payment by the government of all or most costs for health care, drugs, and other health needs
Social epidemiology
the study of how health and illness vary by sociodemographic characteristics, with such variations called health disparities
Health disparities
refers to the variations of health and illness from sociodemographic characteristics
Direct-fee system
patients under 65 are expected to pay for medical costs themselves, aided by private health insurance, usually through one’s employer
Health maintenance organizations (HMOs)
prepaid health plans with designated providers; patients must visit a physician employed by the HMO or included on the approved list of physicians (if not on list, see approved or see without insurance coverage)
Single-payer system
government-funded-systems for police, firefighters, education, public libraries, and even the postal services
Education
the social institution through which a society teaches its members the skills, knowledge, norms, and values they need to learn to become good, productive members of their society
Formal education (schooling)
occurs in schools under teachers, principals, and other specially trained professionals
Informal education
can occur almost anywhere, but for young children it has traditional occurred primarily in the home, with their parents as their instructors
Educational attainment
how far one gets in school
○ Heavily depends on family income and race/ethnicity
Credential society
a society that values education?; this means two things
○ A high school or college degree (or beyond) indicates that a person has acquired the needed knowledge and skills for various jobs
○ A degree at some level is a requirement for most jobs
○ Also means that people with formal education achieve higher incomes
Hidden curriculum
a set of values and beliefs that support the status quo, including the existing social hierarchy
De jure segregation
schools racially segregated by law (In the South before 1954)
○ Communities and states had laws dictating which school
○ Schools either all white or all African American, with whites having better funding
○ Ended in south when civil rights movements won its major victories
De facto segregation
children usually go to schools near their homes, if adjacent neighborhoods are all white or all African American, then the school in those neighborhoods would also follow
School choice
parent and their children, primarily from low-income families in urban areas, receive public funds to attend a school different from their neighborhoods schools
Charter schools
public schools (because public funds pay for students tuition) built and operated by for-profit companies
○ Students normally apply to these
○ Sometimes accepted based on merit and potential, and sometimes accepted by lottery
Bullying
physical & verbal attacks and harassment directed at a victim(s) by one student or a group of students over an extensive period of time
Cyberbullying
the use of internet, cell phones and smartphones, and other digital technologies to bully others
Legacy admissions
makes it easier for certain wealthy students to gain admission
○ Preference given in admissions
○ “affirmative action for the rich”
Economy
the social institution that organizes the production, distribution, and consumption of a society’s goods and services
