exam 3 Flashcards

Question

Rhogam

Answer 1

Given to any Rh - mom who has a Rh+ baby in order to prevent hemolytic disease of the newborn (HDN) OSF gives 1 vial of Rhogam for every 30mls of fetal bleed and then we add one additional vial

Answer 2

direct immunofluorescence is used to diagnose or follow patients with immunodeficiency or states done by using a small amount of blood with fluorochrome - labeled antibodies performed on the Aquois CL Performed on whole blood that must be kept at room temp as refrigeration falsely decreases CD4

Answer 3

Human lymphocytes can be divided into 3 sub - populations: T cells, B cells, and NK cells, based on their function and cell surface antigens T cells participate in antigen specific cell - mediated immunity and regulate immunoglobulin secretion by B cells B - cell produce immunoglobulin NK cells are in themselves cytotoxic Test for 6 cel surface antigens and report the percentage and absolute values CD3, CD4, CD8 ( T- cells) CD19 (B-cells) CD16, CD56 (NK cells)

Answer 4

A small amount of whole blood and a monoclonal cocktail labeled with FITC, RD1, ECD, and PC5 fluorochromes: Tetra 1 and Tetra 2 Blood and monolconal antibody are added to a well on a well plate incubated The RBCs are lysed but not washed using the A and B reagents WBCs are analyzed via flow cytometry using light scatter, fluorescence, and EV The aquois is closed, load and go system

Answer 5

To determine a person's immune status: HIV patients, oncology patients, patients taking immunosuppressive drugs, immunodeficiency disorders CD4 most commonly monitored marker in HIV patients When CD4 less than 14% and absolute less than 200 the HIV patients is then considered to have AIDS, IDPH also notified.

Answer 6

MHC class 1 molecule, cell surface glycoprotein Presence of HLA-B27 on surface of T- cells contributes to immune system dysfunction Clinical significance ( inflammatory autoimmune disorders known as spondyloarthopathies) Most studied B allele due to its association with these disorders Fluorochrome labeled antibodies target a specefic cell surface antigen

Answer 7

50 ul of whole blood is added to a 30 ul of antibody controls used Results interpreted as either positive, negative, or indeterminate Any result within 10 channels of the decision marker line on the positive side will be sent for confirmation to rule out interference from another antigen.

Answer 8

technique used for counting, examining, and sorting microscopic particles suspended in a stream of fluid. It allows simultaneous multi- parametric analysis of the physical and chemical characteristics of single cells flowing through an optical and electronic detection apparatus. measurement of cellular properties as they move in a fluid past a set of detectors, measures in fluorescence using a laser

Answer 9

Sheath fluid: buffer saline is usually used Specimen to be analyzedz: injected into the center of the sheath fluid, forced hydrodynamic focusing for passage of cells one by one past the laser.

Answer 10

Laser light source: excitation of fluorescent antibody tag on or in the cell Lenses, filters, and mirrors: separate light into different colors, send to photodetectors Photodetectors: Photodiode: FALS - forward angle light scatter ( measure the size of the cell - Photomultiplier: measures granularity or complexity of the cell

Answer 11

Photoconductors convert photons of light to electronic signal ( voltage) Impulse is related to intensity of light Electrical response altered by: applying voltage across PMT, adjusting gain of amplifiers Data stored and displayed from individual cells as events

Answer 12

Lymphocyte subsets - low and normal Fetal RBC - negative, low and high HLA-B27: positive and negative Leukemia/lymphoma: check known positive and negative fluorescence for each antibody used that day and monthly

Answer 13

Blood, Bone marrow, tissue, body fluid (except urine), FNA (fine needle aspirate)

Answer 14

Slides of specimen are stained and analyzed, specimens are processed to leave only WBCs, viability count is performed (except blood), WBCs are stained and incubated with monoclonal antibodies, cells are washed, cells are re-suspended and run on the cytometer

Answer 15

monoclonal antibodies are added to the cell suspension to detect specific antigens on or in the cell. Monoclonal antibodies are antibodies to cellular antigens covalently bonded to a fluorochrome Fluorochromes are excited by the laser light and the attached antibody fluoresces OSF uses 10 fluorochromes, FITC, PE,ECD,PC5.5,PC7, APC, APC-A700, APC - 750, PB, KrO

Answer 16

Cell suspension placed on cytometer, cells pass by laser one by one, electronic signals are received from photodetectors, points are plotted on a histogram, cells of interest are gated, results are interpreted by the hematopathologist

Answer 17

CD4+ enumeration, CD34+ enumeration, detection and enumeration of fetal RBC, enumeration of WBC in banked blood, tissue and RBC typing, Neutrophil oxidative burst/ detection CGD, Diagnosis of PNH, Diagnosis of mature lymphoid neoplasms, diagnosis of acute leukemia, diagnosis of mature myeloid neoplasms, DNA ploidy, endless things.

Answer 18

acquired hematologic disorder characterized by nocturnal hemoglobinuria, chronic hemolytic anemia, thrombosis, pancytopenia, and occasionally acute or chronic myeloid malignancies such as aplastic anemia. Tri - lineage hematopoietic stem cell disorder meaning it affects all cell lines present in the bone marrow The abnormal cells (clones) in PNH fully or partially lack glycosylphosphatidylinositol linked proteins. Caused by a somatic mutation in the phosphatidylinositol glycan A gene, PIGA.

Answer 19

flow cytometry replaced the sucrose hemolysis test and the hams test: - RBCs placed into a low ionic strength solution and observed for hemolysis. Flow is the gold standard and can detect the presence or absence of GPI - linked proteins on RBCs, WBCs and platelets Patients with PNH are missing RBC GPI - anchored complement regulatory proteins such as CD55 and CD59 which cause increased suspectibility to complement mediated lysis.

Answer 20

Lymphoid: mature - mature lymphoproliferative disease. immature - lymphoblast's (ALL) Myeloid: mature - MPN (CML, other MPNs), MDS, overlap syndrome. immature - myeloblasts (AML, excess blasts, accelerated phase)

Answer 21

leukocytosis with absolute neutrophilia and left shift maturation, absolute basophilia and eosinophilia, thrombocytosis, bone marrow hypocellularity with granulocytic proliferation, cytogenic t(9;22)(q34;11), molecular products (BCR/ABL fusion gene, fusion mRNA)

Answer 22

B lineage: Hodgkin - classic and NLP hodgkin, Non - hodgkin: matue b - cell lymphoma/ leukemias, plasma cell neoplasms T lineage: Hodgkin - 0, non - hodgkin - mature t cell lymphoma/leukemias