exam 3 Flashcards
1
Q
What bone is considered a SKULL bone, not a facial bone?
A
ethmoid (superior and middle conchae)
2
Q
What 2 bones form the nasal septum?*
A
vomer
ethmoid
3
Q
What does not synapse on the thalamus?
A
sense of smell
4
Q
What 2 bones form the hard palate?*
A
maxilla: majority, anterior
palantine: minor, posterior
5
Q
What 2 muscles help with closing the jaw?
A
masseter
temporalis
6
Q
What are the 2 synovial Joints in the skull?
A
Temporomandibular joint
Skull sits on top of C1
7
Q
which scalene inserts on the 2nd rib?
A
posterior scalene
8
Q
what are the scalenes innervated by?
A
ventral rami
9
Q
What is the only bone not directly attached to another bone?
A
Hyoid bone
10
Q
what release hormones, helps regulate calcium levels in the blood
A
parathyroid glands
11
Q
what happens when 1 sternocleidomastoid contracts?
A
Ipsilateral Lateral Bend + Contralateral Rotation
12
Q
What nerve is enclosed in a sheath with the carotid artery and internal jugular vein?
A
vagus
13
Q
What nerve runs between the anterior and middle scalenes?
A
Phrenic
14
Q
name the 4 suprahyoid muscles
A
- Digastric (anterior + posterior)
- Stylohyoid
- Mylohyoid
- Geniohyoid
15
Q
what do the suprahyoid muscles do?
A
elevate the hyoid (swallowing)
16
Q
what do the infrahyoid muscles do?
A
depress the hyoid
17
Q
name the 3 infrahyoid muscles
A
- Omohyoid (superior + inferior)
- Sternohyoid
- Sternothyroid
18
Q
name 3 muscles that attach to the scapula
A
omohyoid (inferior)
trapezius
deltoid
19
Q
name the 2 prevertebral muscles
A
longus capitis
longus colli (cervicus)
20
Q
what are the 3 branches of the EXTERNAL carotid artery?
A
- Superficial temporal artery
- Facial artery
- Maxillary artery
21
Q
What artery is a continuation of the internal carotid?
A
Middle cerebral artery
22
Q
Rank cerebral arteries in order of blood flow (from greatest flow to least flow)
A
Middle cerebral > posterior cerebral > anterior cerebral
23
Q
What artery is blocked with:
frontal lobe issues, behavior issues, some motor function issues?
A
Anterior cerebral
24
Q
What artery is blocked with:
temporal and parietal issues, paralyzed + no sensation on opposite side, Broca and Wernicke issues?
A
Middle cerebral
25
What artery is blocked with:
vision issues, occipital lobe issues?
posterior cerebral
26
What artery provides blood to spinal cord?
anterior spinal
27
What is damaged in the brain if a person cannot speak?
Broca’s (“Broca is broken not a word is spoken”)
28
What is damaged in the brain if a person is speaking gibberish?
Wernicke’s (“Thinking is tricky if you damage Wernicke”)
29
When does the 1 tube split into 2 tubes?
Laryngopharynx
30
What type of cartilage is the epiglottis and ear?
elastic
31
What opens the vocal cords?
Arytenoid cartilage (“looks like the choosing hat from harry potter”)
32
what type of cartilage makes up the larynx?
hyaline
33
What is the larynx innervated by?
Recurrent laryngeal nerves
34
which laryngeal nerve is more susceptible to damage
left side is more susceptible to damage* (hooks around aortic arch)
35
What nerve does the recurrent laryngeal nerves branch from?
vagus
36
What nerve runs between esophagus and aorta?
vagus
37
What is most common reason for ulcers?
H pylori
2nd: NSAIDs
38
What conjunctiva lines the EYELID?
Palpebral conjunctiva
39
What conjunctiva lines the eyeBALL?
Bulbar conjunctiva
40
what is mydriasis?
dilation, sympathetic
41
what is miosis?
constriction, parasympathetic
42
curved, outer portion of eye
Cornea
43
contraction makes lens get thicker
ciliary body
44
refracts light
lens
45
everything behind the lens
posterior compartment
46
outer layer of the eye
sclera
47
middle layer, with blood vessels in the eye
choroid
48
inner layer, light-sensitive nerve tissue
retina
49
inside, back surface of the eye
fundus
50
area of acute vision, ALL cones (color)
macula lutea
51
center, most acute color-vision (cones)
fovea centralis
52
“blind spot”
optic disk
53
Pathway of Light
Cornea, aqueous humor, lens, vitreous humor, retina
54
What are located in the periphery of the eye?
Mostly rods (black + white)
55
Where does the optic nerve cross?
Optic Chiasma
56
What type of cartilage makes up the nose?
Hyaline
57
what is in the middle ear?
malleus
incus
stapes
58
static/linear balance
Vestibule
59
moving/dynamic balance
Semicircular canals
60
What does high frequencies (<50 Hz) stimulate?
BEGINNING of the cochlea
61
What does low frequencies (>200 Hz) stimulate?
END of the cochlea
62
Unilateral hearing loss, on forehead
Weber Test
63
Tests each ear, behind the ear
Rinne Test
64
What is the longitudinal dura mater that separates cerebral hemispheres?
Falx cerebri
65
What is the dura mater that separates the cerebrum from the cerebellum?
Tentorium cerebelli
66
What are DEEP grooves that separate the brain lobes?
Fissures
67
What is a shallow groove in the brain?
Sulcus
68
Does the carotid canal go through the entire skull?
NO
It is only EXTERIOR
69
name the artery that travels through the foramen lacerum
internal carotid artery
70
What 4 bones form the orbital rim?*
71
cribriform plate (ethmoid)
CN I
72
optic canal
CN II
73
superior orbital fissure
CN III, IV, V1, VI
74
foramen rotundum
V2
75
foramen ovale
V3
76
Mandibular section (both sensory and motor)
V3
77
Maxillary section (sensory only)
V2
78
Ophthalmic section (sensory only)
V1
79
what muscle does the abducens (CN VI) innervate
lateral rectus (lateral/abduction of the eye)
80
what are the 5 branches of the facial nerve?
Temporal, Zygomatic, Buccal, Mandibular, Cervical
(“Two Zebras Bit My Cock”)
81
internal acoustic meatus
CN VII, VIII
82
jugular foramen
CN IX, X, XI
83
what muscle does the trochlear (CN IV) innervate?
superior oblique muscle of the eye (down and lateral movement)
84
hypoglossal canal
CN XII
85
foramen ovale
V3
86
receives visual info from LEFT visual field of both eyes
right occipital lobe
87
receives visual info from RIGHT visual field of both eyes
left occipital lobe
88
focuses lens
dilates/constricts pupils
moves eyes
CN III
89
true or false:
all motor cranial nerves have SOME sensory proprioceptors
true
90
what direction does the trochlear nerve (CN IV) move the eye
down and lateral
91
sensory for surface of eyes, tear glands, scalp, forehead, and upper eyelids
Opthalmic V1 (sensory)
92
sensory from UPPER teeth, upper gum, upper lip, palate, and skin of face
Maxillary V2 (sensory)
93
sensory from scalp, skin of jaw, LOWER teeth and gum, lower lip
Mandibular V3 (both motor and sensory)
94
testing for which nerve:
Light touch/pinprick to face/scalp
Open and close jaw
CN V (trigeminal)
95
Sensory: anterior 2/3 of tongue
Motor: facial expression muscles; tear glands; salivary glands
CN VII (facial)
96
testing for which nerve:
identify tastes (sour, sweet); make faces (smile, frown)
CN VII (facial)
97
Balance/position
Hearing
CN VIII (auditory)
98
testing: balance, auditory
CN VIII (auditory)
99
Sensory: taste from last POSTERIOR 1/3, sensory from pharynx, tonsils, tongue, and carotid arteries
Motor: pharynx, salivary glands
CN IX (glossopharyngeal)
100
Sensory: pharynx, larynx, esophageal and visceral of thorax and abdomen
Motor: muscles of speech (vocal cords) and swallowing (pharyngeal constrictors)
Testing: speaking, swallowing
CN X (vagus)
101
Motor: sternocleidomastoid and trapezius
Sensory: C3 and C4
Testing: rotate head (sternocleidomastoid) and shrug shoulders (trapezius)
CN XI (accessory)
102
Motor (some sensory proprioceptors)
Action: muscles of the tongue
Testing: stick tongue out
CN XII
103
what is the first place axons travel from right to left (connection after the falx cerebri)
corpus collusum
104
what separates motor from sensory cortex
Central sulcus
105
true or false:
motor cortex is more anterior
true
106
true or false:
sensory cortex is more posterior
true
107
what is sternocleidomastoid innervated by
CN XI
108
subdural hemorrhage
takes a long time
109
WINDOW where the stapes is attached, pushes in, causes fluid waves, water is not compressible
oval window
110
WINDOW at the end of the cochlea that bulges outward in response to pressure placed on the ossicles
round window
111
true or false:
vestibule, cochlea all have hair and fluid, they bend with fluid movement
true
112
the entrance to the tear canal
lacrimal punctum
113
the tunnel of the tears
lacrimal caniculi
114
help with swallowing, contract in sequence (superior, middle, inferior)
pharyngeal constrictors
115
what are the purely sensory nerves
1, 2, 8
116
which nerve signifies taste
CN VII (facial)
117
enables NEAR/UP CLOSE vision
parasympathetic
118
enables DISTANCE/FAR vision
sympathetic
119
where the vision nerves synapse
primary occipital cortex
120
what would be the symptoms of optic TRACT being cut
eyes are still working, but no visual field
121
what would happen with damage to LOWER motor nerve
flaccid muscle
122
what would happen with damage to UPPER motor nerve
spasm muscle
123
where do almost all of the CN attach
brainstem
124
which CNs attach to cerebrum (2)
CN I, II
125
where does the middle meningeal artery come from
maxillary artery (which comes from the external carotid artery)
126
this is where superior facets/C1 (atlas) rests
occipital condyle
127
when does the medulla become the spinal cord
when it passes through the foramen magnum
128
where are the pyramids found
medulla (bulging part)
this is where they cross
129
what type of cartilage is in the TMJ
FIBROcartilage
130
what are the 2 bones of the TMJ
temporal
mandible
(lateral pterygoids in between)
131
what are the muscles of mastication innervated by
trigeminal nerve
132
what are the muscles of facial expression innervated by
facial nerve
133
what is the cartilage that opens the vocal cords
arytenoid cartilage
134
what are the 4 bones of the orbital rim
maxilla
lacrimal
frontal
zygomatic
