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animal behavior > exam 3 > Flashcards

exam 3 Flashcards

1
Q

the fundamental asymmetry of sex

A

sexual selection results in differences between sexes in reproductive behavior and morphology

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2
Q

intrasexual selection on males led to

A

evolution of many characteristic male reproductive behaviors

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3
Q

intrasexual selection

A

competition among members of one sex over access to members of the opposite sex

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4
Q

armaments are useful for

A

intrasexual selection

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5
Q

intersexual selection

A

selection of reproductive partners by members of one sex among members of the opposite sex

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6
Q

ornaments are useful for

A

intersexual selection

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7
Q

the higher variation in reproductive success mean

A

more intense sexual selection on traits associated with variation

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8
Q

anisogamy

A

sexual reproduction that involves fusion of gametes that differ in size or form

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9
Q

sperm vs eggs

A

sperm are cheap
eggs are expensive

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10
Q

Batemens principle

A

males increase reproductive success by mating with many females

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11
Q

anisogamy means sexual selection is more intense on

A

males

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12
Q

spermatophore

A

nuptial gift that males provide during copulation

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13
Q

ornaments demonstrate

A

parasite resistance

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14
Q

good genes model

A

females prefer trait indicative of male quality
- so their offspring may inherit advantages of their father

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15
Q

runaway selection model

A

females prefer trait that is sexually attractive
- so their sons inherit traits making them sexy and preferred

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16
Q

monogamy

A

1 male
1 female

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17
Q

polygyny

A

1 male
more than 1 females

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18
Q

polyandry

A

more than 1 male
1 female

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19
Q

polygynandry/promiscuity

A

more than 1 male
more than 1 female

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20
Q

mate guarding hypothesis

A

individuals have ability to restrict mating behavior in partner –> monogamy

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21
Q

mate limitation hypothesis

A

monogamy evolves when potential mates are dispersed and its costly to locate them

22
Q

mate assistance hypothesis

A

monogamy evolves when resources are critical to reproduction that both parents are necessary to raise children

23
Q

infanticide hypothesis

A

monogamy evolves when risk of infanticide is high and partner can protect against infanticidal males

24
Q

polyandry benefits for females

A

good genes
genetic compatibility
genetic diversity
inbreeding avoidance

25
Q

good genes hypothesis

A

females mate polyandrous to produce offspring of higher quality or viability
- trying to hit jackpot

26
Q

genetic compatibility hypothesis

A

females mate polyandrous to increase odds of receiving genetically complementary sperm
- no best male
- match between male and female

27
Q

genetic diversity hypothesis

A

females mate polyandrous to increase diversity of offspring

28
Q

inbreeding avoidance hypothesis

A

females mate polyandrous to avoid inbreeding with their soical partner

29
Q

polygyny hypothesis

A

female defense polygyny
resource defense polygyny
lek polygyny
scramble competition polygyny

30
Q

female defense polygyny

A

females form groups to better access resources
males will follow and guard group

31
Q

harem

A

females are socially bonded in group

32
Q

resource defense polygyny

A

resources are clumped, it attracts multiple females
males will guard the resources

33
Q

lek polygyny

A

females are widespread and dont form groups
males wait for females to come to them

34
Q

lek

A

traditional display ground where males gather to display to females who choose among them
fierce competition between males

35
Q

hotspot hypothesis

A

males cluster in places (hotspots) where routes are frequently traveled by females
so they form leks

36
Q

hotshot hypothesis

A

subordinate males cluster around highly attractive males to have a chance to interact with females attracted to hotshots
so they form leks

37
Q

female preference hypothesis

A

males cluster because females prefer sites with large groups of males where they can quicjly compare quality of mates
so they form leks

38
Q

scramble competition polygyny

A

females are widespread and do not form groups so males will seek out females

39
Q

polygyandry

A

both sexes mate multiple but there is a pair bonds

40
Q

promiscuity

A

both sexes mate multiple and there is no pair bond

41
Q

promosciuity occurs when

A

offspring care is minimal/nonexistent

42
Q

convenience polyandry

A

females increase mating based on cost of resistance is higher than cost of mating

43
Q

signal of need

A

signals that advertise an offsprings level of need in order to maximize their chance of being fed by their parents

44
Q

signal of quality

A

signals that advertise an offsprings quality to maximize being fed by their parents

45
Q

when environemntal conditions are good

A

parents attend to signals of need

46
Q

local competition hypothesis

A

related individuals compete for resources or mates, then one sex is more costly to produce

47
Q

local enhancement hypothesis

A

when one sex provides resources or enhances its relative mating success, that sex is cheaper to produce

48
Q

Trivers-Willard hypothesis

A

mothers can adjust offspring sex ratio according to their own body condition

49
Q

reproductive insurance hypothesis

A

mothers in siblicide species lay a second egg as insurance against hatching failure

50
Q

paternity assurance hypothesis

A

females know theyre related to their offspring
males should care more when they know theyre the father

51
Q

mafia hypothesis

A

hosts accept brood parasitic eggs out of fear of retaliation

animal behavior (1 decks)

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