Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

PSY100 > Exam 3 > Flashcards

Exam 3 Flashcards

(65 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

What is Developmental Psychology?

A

The study of how the metal processes and behavior change as an individual grows

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are the main domains of development

A

Cognition (sensation, perception, memory, and mental processes), social dynamics/relationships, and personality

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

TWhat are some main reflexes that we develop as an infant?

A

Grasping (touch of palm to light grasp), rooting (touch of cheek for breastfeeding), sucking (touch on pallet), moro (sudden shift in position results in clutching)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is motor development?

A

The development of the usage of muscles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

When do infants start to roll over?

A

3-5 months

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

When do infants start to sit?

A

6 months

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

When do infants start standing alone?

A

11-12 months?

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

When do infants start walking?

A

12-14 months

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

When do infants start babbling?

A

6 months

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

When do infants start their first words?

A

12 months

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

When do infants start speaking simple sentences?

A

18-19 months

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

How is newborn vision? And why?

A

Newborns have very poor visual processing due to lack of stimulation in utero

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

How is newborn audition?

A

In comparison to vision, pretty well developed, because exposed to stimulation in utero (also able to recognize)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

How long does it take for infants to perceive depth?

A

~8 months

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is a common example used to study a child’s ability to perceive danger?

A

“Visual Cliff”

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Do infants show preference to complex or simple patterns?

A

More complex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What sort of techniques can spot out what stimuli is interesting to infants?

A

Eye gaze tracking

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Why are faces so important for infants?

A

Facilities recognition, critical for social development/interaction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Who is Jean Piaget and what did he do?

A

He discussed the series of qualitative changes to how children think about the world (cognitive development)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What are schemas?

A

Concepts and operations (concepts about how the world works)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What is assimilation?

A

Fitting new experiences into existing schemas (concepts/operations)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What are accomodations?

A

Changing schemas to account for new information

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What is the sensorimotor stage?

A

The first two years of life, where we learn how to use the sensory system/control the body, and distinguish ourselves from other things/people and object permenance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What is the preoperational stage?

A

When we start to learn language, exhibit egocentrism (everything revolves around me and everyone knows what I know), and no theory of mind, more intuition rather than logic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
What is theory of mind?
The understanding that other people's minds are different from their own and may have different information?
26
What is conservation?
The volume and mass of an object remain the same no matter how its arranged
27
What is the concrete operational stage?
More formal logic skills are learned, learning math, trouble with more theoretical questions, master conservation
28
What is formal operation?
Able to consider theoretical possibilities for a condition, solve these problems, concerned for the future
29
What is the order of the stages of cognitive development?
Sensorimotor, Preoperational, Concrete operational, formal operational
30
What are the time frames of each of the stages of cognitive development?
0-2 years, 2-7 years, 7-11 years, 11 to adult
31
What is preconventional?
No personal code of morality, shaped by adult standards and consequences that follow
32
What is conventional?
Acceptance of social rules about right and wrong, and internalizing the moral standards of valued adult role models
33
What is postconventional?
Preservation of life at all costs, human dignity, decisions based on self chosen principles
34
What is the order of social development?
Preconventional, conventional, postconventional
35
What is a good way to summarize the three stages of moral development?
1. What is good or bad for only me? 2. What is good or bad for other people? 3. What is good or bad for everyone, including me?
36
What is the difference between Vygotsky and Piaget?
Vygotsky was on the idea that knowledge is developed from the world, and through interacting with others in the world, while Piaget believes in the world knowledge but that the child explores by themselves, and stages of development are the same regardless of culture
37
What are the four types of attachment styles?
Secure (quick response for child, distressed when caretaker leaves), insecure - avoidant (unresponsive to child, child undistressed when caretaker leaves), insecure - ambivalent (responds to child sometimes, distress when leaves but not comforted by return), insecure - disorganized (abusive, no attaching behaviors)
38
What is learning?
A change as a result of an experience (behavior, knowledge, skill, understanding, attitude, etc)
39
What is habituation?
Repeated stimulus results in weaker response over time
40
What is memory?
Storage and retrieval of information?
41
What is associative learning?
Relationship formed between two stimuli or between stimulus and behavior
42
What is classical conditioning?
Association created bwteen two stimuli to produce reflexive response to a new stimuli (think pavlov)
43
What is operant conditioning?
Voluntary behaviors made more or less likely due to consequences
44
What is the difference between between neutral, unconditioned, and conditioned stimulus?
A neutral stimulus has no association with target response, an unconditioned stimulus is no learning required to produce response, and conditioned stimulus means association must be learned to produce response
45
What is the difference between unconditioned and conditioned response?
UR is a reflexive response to unconditioned stimulus (drool to food), and CR is a learned response to conditioned stimulus
46
What is acquisition?
Appearance of the CR in response to the CS
47
What is extinction?
Loss of the CR after repeated exposure to the CS without the US
48
What is spontaneous recovery?
Return of an extinct CR in response to the CS after a period of rest
49
What is stimulus generalization?
The CR in response to stimuli that are similar but not the same as the CS
50
What is stimulus discrimination?
Process of fine tuning CR to specific CS quality
51
What is Second Order Conditioning?
Pair new NS with CS to create association with CR
52
What is operant conditioning similar to?
Training with monkeys (reinforcement and punishment)
53
What is shaping?
Progressive approximations to the desired behavior
54
What is chaining?
Linking together a sequence of reinforced behaviors in complex series
55
What is extinction?
The reduction of a target behavior in the absence of a reinforcer
56
What is latent learning?
Effects on behavior without reinforcement
57
What is modeling?
Observing others’ voluntary behavior affects observer’s behavior
58
What is emotion?
A subjective mental state, usually accompanied by distinct behaviors
59
What's the difference between emotion and mood?
Emotion is relatively specific and brief while mood is general and enduring
60
What's the difference between sympathetic and parasympathetic?
Sympathetic causes arousal of intense emotion, while para reduces it
61
What is the Two-Factor Theory?
When people experience a physiological response (heart rate up), they label it to a particular emotion based on context
62
What are micro-expressions?
Small contractions in facial muscles consistent with emotional experiences
63
What is the stress hormone?
Cortisol
64
What is the stress cycle?
Stress suppresses immune system, increases risk of illness, stress of suffering and illness
65
How does stress evaluation work?
Primary appraisal: Is it a threat? If no, no stress, if yes, can I deal with it? If yes, low/no stress, if no then STRESS

PSY100 (6 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions