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Equine Science > Exam 3 > Flashcards

Exam 3 Flashcards

(58 cards)

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1
Q

Intended use

A

Horse must conform to specific type that fits it for the function it is to perform

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2
Q

Conformation

A

-balance
-footfall
-way of going: tracking, ‘foot-fall’

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3
Q

Balance

A

-Overall symmetry of the horse
-Best evaluated viewing from the side
-All parts should blend and appear symmetrical

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4
Q

The front half should be equal to the____.

A

Back half

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5
Q

Length of the ____, ______, _______, and ____ should be equal

A

head, neck, topline, hip

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6
Q

Length of heart girth should be equal to the length of the ______

A

underline to the ground

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7
Q

In judging a horse, it is important to have a___? Why?

A

it is important to have a logical method of viewing the animal, from all directions. Judging both stationary and in action, to avoid overlooking anything

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8
Q

The head should be:

A

-Well proportioned to the rest of the body
-Refined and clean cut
-Chiseled appearance
-Broad, full forehead with great width between the eyes
-Straight face

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9
Q

Jaw should be

A

broad and well muscled

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10
Q

Ears should be

A

Medium-sized, well carried, and active

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11
Q

Neck should be

A

-fairly long, carried high, slightly arched, lean, muscular, and clean-cut about throatlatch, with head well set on
-should neatly join long, oblique, smooth shoulders

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12
Q

Head and neck should show ___?

A

sex character

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13
Q

sex character in Stallions

A

boldness and masculinity

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14
Q

sex character in mares

A

refinement and femininity

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15
Q

topline ideal conformation

A

short, strong back and loin with long, nicely turned heavily muscled croup and high, well-set tail

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16
Q

Withers ideal conformation

A

should be clearly defined and same height at the hips

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17
Q

shoulders ideal conformation

A

associated with sloping pasterns and more springy, elastic action

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18
Q

back and loin ideal conformation

A

muscles help sustain the weight of the rider, lift the forequarters of the horse, and strengthen the arch of the back of the horse in motion

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19
Q

ample chest and barrel

A

-long, well-sprung ribs
-deep, wide chest and large, full heart girth–> space for vital organs and indicate strong constitution and good feeding and staying qualitites

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20
Q

wasp-waisted

A

high cut; won’t be successful with heavy racing because there is not enough surface area to support the rider

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21
Q

muscles of the arm, forearm and gaskin

A

-well-developed, and areas hold little fat, good indicator of muscular development
-muscles of croup, thigh, and gaskin provide ability to pull, jump, or run

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22
Q

soundness

A

any deviation in form or function that interferes with the usefulness of the individual, whereas a blemish is an abnormality that may detract from the appearance of the animal but does not affect its serviceability

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23
Q

4 methods to horse selection

A

-individuality
-pedigree
-show-ring winnings
-progeny

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24
Q

individuality (selection)

Study These Flashcards
A

-within price range
-temperament according to rider’s skill level
-size of horse should keep with the size of the rider
-other conditions equal, breed and color of horse may be based on preference
-horse should be well-suited to type of work to be performed

25
hoof wall
the portion seen when the horse is in the standing position and extends from the ground to the coronary border
26
coronary border
where the soft white horn of the periople joins the epidermis of the skin at the coronet
27
periople location
just under the coronary band /hairline of the hoof capsule
28
periople function
to protect the softer new horn that is being generated to grow new hoof wall
29
the hoof receives arterial blood from the
medial and lateral digital arteries that descend its limb and are palpable over the proximal sesamoid bone at the fetlock, and the later-palmar aspect of the first phalanx
30
the strength of the digital pulses is used to
determine inflammation or active disease within the foot
31
contracted heels
-usually forefeet -may be inherited, but also can be caused by improper trimming/shoeing -repeated corrective trimming usually resolves it
32
Corns
-sole bruise -bruise to the soft tissue underlying the horny sole of the foot -a specific type of bruising that is seen in the sole at the buttress
33
corn causes
fast work on hard ground, flat soles, weakened bars, and poor shoeing
34
treatment of corn
pairing, special shoeing, poulticing (applying a solution to draw out infection), sanitation, and rest
35
gravel
-bacterial infection develops rapidly, producing gas and pus that create pressure and pain in the foot -caused by penetration of the protective covering of the hoof by small bits of gravel or dirt -access to sensitive tissues gained at white
36
white line
junction of the sole and wall
37
left untreated, gravel can cause
eruption occurs at the top of the coronary band
38
hoof abscess
-occurs when bacteria gets trapped inside the hoof -trauma to the hoof sole from sharp objects -a horseshoe nail is inside the white line -poor hoof quality, genetic or environmental -SEVERELY LAME OVERNIGHT
39
hoof abscess treatment
drain the abscess and prevent further contamination
40
laminitis
-serious ailment of fleshy laminae of the hoof -front feet more often affected -sawhorse stance
41
laminitis causes
-overeating of grain or lush legumes/grass -overwork/excessive weight bearing of one limb -inflammation of the uterus following foaling -from practically any illness or stress
42
Navicular syndrome/disease
-inflammation of the small navicular bone and bursa of the foot -usually front foot -lameness, with short stride where they try to avoid bearing weight in heel
43
navicular syndrome treatment
managed by navicular bursa injections and corrective trimming/shoeing
44
Quarter crack (sand crack)
-vertical split in the horny wall of the inside of the hoof (in the region of the quarter), which extends from the coronet or hoof upward -seldom in hind feet -at the toe is called "toe crack"
45
quarter crack causes
usually dry and brittle hooves, or improper trimming/shoeing
46
thrush
disease of the frog caused by unsanitary conditions along with anaerobic bacteria, producing a foul smell
47
thrush prevention
prevent by keeping footing clean and dry as well as daily hoof picking
48
thrush treatment
respond to sanitation and removal of affected frog tissue
49
signs of good horse health
-contentment -alertness -appetite -hoof growth -sleek coats -pliable and elastic skin -normal manure and urine -normal social organization -bright eyes and pink eye membranes
50
Normal temperature range
99.5-101.5
51
Normal heart rate
32-48 bpm
52
Normal respiratory rate
8-16 per minute
53
how to test hydration
1. Skin fold test: 1/2-1 second 2. Mucous membrane: healthy pink 3. Cap refill: 1-2 seconds 4. Manure: fecal balls, not too runny, no signs of undigested feed 5. Urine
54
How many gallons of water on average does a horse need?
10
55
How do pathogens enter the body?
-Respiratory tract -Digestive tract -Wounds -Mucous membranes -Insect bites
56
Core vaccines
-Tetanus -Eastern Equine Encephalomyelitis -Western Equine Encephalomyelitis -West Nile virus -Rabies
57
pica
eating wood, hair, dirt
58
coprophagy
-eating feces -normal in foals -can be a sign of fiber restriction, frustration and underfeeding -stallions and stud piles

Equine Science (4 decks)

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