Exam 3

Question 1

CO2 enters and O2 exits the leaf

Answer 1

stomata

Question 2

_____ CO2 needs water to make carbohydrates and make oxygen as a by-product

Answer 2

plant

Question 3

green pigment molecule within

Answer 3

chlorophyll

Question 4

found in plant and green algae
Mg2+ is an important component in chlorophyll

Answer 4

chlorophyll a and b

Question 5

reactant

Answer 5

light
Co2
2H2A

Question 6

Product

Answer 6

carbohydrate (CH2O) and oxygen (H2O)

Question 7

chlorophyll

Answer 7

energy capturing molecule

Question 8

Photosystem I and II

Answer 8

wavelength at which they receive photons

Question 9

Photosystem 2

Answer 9

680 (appeared first)

Question 10

Photosystem 1

Answer 10

700 (appeared second)

Question 11

converting of solar energy (photon) to chemical energy

Answer 11

photosynthesis

Question 12

Steps of photosynthesis

Answer 12

photosystem II—plastoquinol(Q8H2)—cytochrome b6/complex—photosystem I—Ferredoxin-NADP+ reductase (FNR)

Question 13

Calvin cycle

Answer 13

Rubisco enzyme(found in plant and helps in Calvin cycle)

Question 14

Rubisco enzyme

Answer 14

the most abundant protein on the planet

Question 15

The product of C3 plants is

Answer 15

3-phosphoglycerate

Question 16

the product of C4 plants is

Answer 16

oxaloacetate

Question 17

microtubule

Answer 17

alpha and beta tubulin, nucleotide is GTP

Question 18

form helix structure(spyro around) and have positive and negative ends

Answer 18

microtubules

Question 19

Function as cytoplasmic microtubules and axon microtubules

Answer 19

microtubules

Question 20

G actin monomers, plus and negative ends but will need ATP hydrolysis in order to form larger polymers

Answer 20

microfilament

Question 21

function as muscle contraction, cell locomotion, maintain cell shape and intercellular transport

Answer 21

microfilament

Question 22

8 G protein joined end to end that staged overlaps, 6 classes of protein.

Answer 22

intermediate filament

Question 23

intermediate filament

Answer 23

for structure support and helps maintain cell shape.

Question 24

function as cell movement, cell division, and organelle movement within the cell

Answer 24

cytoskeleton

Question 25

3 main type of bacterial cytoskeleton are

Answer 25

Mre B, Ftsz and Crescentin

Question 26

crescentin

Answer 26

regulate cell shape

Question 27

Ftsz

Answer 27

regulate cell division

Question 28

segregation and cell shape

Answer 28

Mre B

Question 29

ATP hydrolysis occurs in the _____ for kinesin and dynein

Answer 29

globular region

Question 30

whenever ATP binds it ______ from actin filament

Answer 30

detaches

Question 31

addition of subunit at the positive end and removal at the negative end (chromosome removal). Important in getting movement within the cell shape.

Answer 31

microtubule treadmilling

Question 32

It binds tightly to microtubules and stabilizers them, causing a depletion of free tubulin subunits. It causes dividing cells to arrest during mitosis.

Answer 32

Paclitaxel/Taxol (breast cancer treatment)

Question 33

where microtubules originate, function as centrosomes, and anchors and allow to grow outward.

Answer 33

Microtubule-organizing center (MTOC)

Question 34

control microtubule depolymerization during mitosis

Answer 34

Catastrophins

Question 35

prevent microfilament assembly and disassembly at +ends

Answer 35

CapZ

Question 36

movement of the cell/organisms through its environment, movement of the environment past the cell, and movement of components within the cell.

Answer 36

cell motility

Question 37

movement of the cell/organisms through its environment, movement of the environment past the cell, and movement of components within the cell.

Answer 37

cell motility

Question 38

major component of cell motility

Answer 38

Kinesin/dynein (Axonal transport) require ATP

Question 39

anterograde axonal transport (towards the +end) move away from centrosomes

Answer 39

Kinesin

Question 40

retrograde axonal transport (towards -end) move towards centrosomes

Answer 40

Dynein

Question 41

Dynein is essential for both

Answer 41

cilia and flagella

Question 42

have propeller like motion

Answer 42

flagella

Question 43

have back and forth beating motion

Answer 43

cilia

Question 44

microtubules have a 9+2 pattern= 9 outer doublets surrounding a central pair

Answer 44

flagella and cilia

Question 45

have 9+0 structure and lacks central pair

Answer 45

sensor/primary cilia

Question 46

Nexin

Answer 46

links adjacent outer soublets

Question 47

key component in muscle contraction are

Answer 47

myosin and actin

Question 48

1. Cross-bridge formation 2. release phosphate -3 (active site exposure) 3. Power stroke (myosin undergo conformation) 4. ADP released 5. ATP binds myosin (creating detachment) 6. Myosin reactivation

Answer 48

Myosin and Actin cyclic cycle steps

Question 49

Importance of calcium

Answer 49

1. relax muscle contraction 2. contracting muscle 3. Calcium ATPase pump

Question 50

high concentration of calcium in sarcoplasmic reticulum

Answer 50

relaxed muscle

Question 51

highest concentration in the sarcoplasmic

Answer 51

contracting muscles

Question 52

ATPase pumps

Answer 52

pump calcium back into SR

Question 53

adhesive junction

Answer 53

cell to cell division

Question 54

adherens and desomosome are

Answer 54

adhesive junction

Question 55

adherens and desmosomes are

Answer 55

adhesive junction

Question 56

connect two cells together, connects cell to basement membrane

Answer 56

desomosomes

Question 57

sealing space between cells

Answer 57

tight junctions

Question 58

exchange of ions and small molecules between cells

Answer 58

Gap junction

Question 59

An epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition in cadherins is commonly seen in cell metastatic cancer

Answer 59

Cadherins

Question 60

___ are key for leukocyte adhesion

Answer 60

selectins

Question 61

Nimal extracellular matrix (ECM) components

Answer 61

Collagen (most abundant in animal ) proteoglycans fibronectins elastins laminins

Question 62

fibroblast

Answer 62

produce collagen

Question 63

molecules cross-link to each other by forming covalent bonds between lysines

Answer 63

Elastins

Question 64

the backbone of cartilage proteoglycan and free molecules in the EMC

Answer 64

Hyaluronate

Question 64

Hyaluronate

Answer 64

lubricate joint and facilitates cell migration

Question 65

ATP high energy bond is

Answer 65

phosphoanhydride bond

Question 66

In the ETC all the complexes except for ____ pumps protons out of the matrix to generate a proton gradient.

Answer 66

complex II