Exam 3

Question 1

catacomb

Answer 1

underground cemetery consisting of tunnels on different levels, having niches for urns and sarcophagi and often incorporating rooms

Question 2

narthex

Answer 2

vestibule or entrance porch of a church

Question 3

the Eucharist

Answer 3

central rite of the Christian Church, reenacts Christ’s sacrifice on the cross and commemorated the Last Supper, consecrated bread and wine becomes the body and blood of Christ

Question 4

the narrative image

Answer 4

a picture that recounts an event drawn from a story, either factual or biographical

Question 5

the iconic image

Answer 5

picture that expresses or embodies an intangible concept or idea

Question 6

ambulatory

Answer 6

the passage around the apse in a church, especially a basilica, or around the central space in a central-plan building

Question 7

cruciform

Answer 7

of anything that is cross-shaped

Question 8

apsidal chapels

Answer 8

a chapel opening from an apse, common feature of French Gothic Architecture

Question 9

martyrium

Answer 9

church, chapel, or shrine built over the grave of a Christian martyr

Question 10

conches

Answer 10

a half dome

Question 11

half-domes

Answer 11

half a dome, cut vertically, used to cover a semicircular area

Question 12

pendentive

Answer 12

concave triangular section of a vault that forms the transition between a square or polygonal space and the circular base of a dome

Question 13

Justinian

Answer 13

emperor of Rome, under his rule Byzantine political power, wealth, and culture were at its peak, sponsored the construction of the Hagia Sophia

Question 14

icon/iconoclasm

Answer 14

image representing a sacred figure or event in the Byzantine Church/banning and/or destruction of images, especially icons and religious art

Question 15

illuminated books

Answer 15

manuscripts, used to recount religious scripture, decorated with gold and colors

Question 16

chasing

Answer 16

ornamentation made on metal by incising or hammering the surface

Question 17

scriptoria

Answer 17

room in a monastery for writing or copying manuscripts

Question 18

Mozarabic

Answer 18

of an eclectic style practiced in Christian medieval Spain when much of the Iberian peninsula was ruled by Islamic dynasties

Question 19

Charlemagne

Answer 19

established the Carolingian empire, was crowned emperor and rightful successor of Constantine, which strengthened the bonds between the papacy and secular government in the West

Question 20

palace chapel

Answer 20

private chapel associated with a residence, especially of an emperor

Question 21

westwork

Answer 21

the monumental, west-facing entrance section of a Carolingian, Ottonian, or Romanesque church, exterior consists of multiple stories between two towers, interior includes an entrance vestibule, a chapel, and a series of galleries overlooking the nave

Question 22

cloister

Answer 22

a covered walk, especially in a monastery, with an open colonnade on one side, running along the walls of buildings that face a quadrangle

Question 23

Bishop Bernward

Answer 23

goldsmith who created and installed the bronze doors for the abbey church of St. Michael of Hildesheim which was the most ambitious bronze-casting project undertaken since antiquity

Question 24

crusades

Answer 24

series of medieval military expeditions between Europeans and Muslims to gain control of the Holy Land

Question 25

pilgrimage

Answer 25

journey to a sacred or significant place for religious, spiritual, or personal reasons

Question 26

relic

Answer 26

object associated with a saint/martyr/holy figures

Question 27

reliquary

Answer 27

container, often elaborate and made of precious materials, used as a repository for sacred relics

Question 28

portal

Answer 28

opening in a wall of a building, gate, or fortification

Question 29

tympanum

Answer 29

semicircular wall surface above the lintel of an arched doorway

Question 30

trumeau

Answer 30

vertical post dividing a large doorway and supporting a lintel and tympanum

Question 31

jamb

Answer 31

vertical components that form the sides of a door frame, window frame, or fireplace, or other opening in a wall

Question 32

mandorla

Answer 32

light encircling, or emanating from, the entire figure of a sacred person

Question 33

choir

Answer 33

part of a church reserved for the clergy, monks, or nuns, either between the transept crossing the apse or extending farther into the nave

Question 34

St. Bernard of Clairvaux

Answer 34

led the Cistercian order in the 12th century, advocated strict mental and physical discipline and a life devoted to prayer and intellectual pursuits combined with shared manual labor, secluded themselves from the outside world

Question 35

Abbot Suger

Answer 35

supervised the building of Abbey Church of Saint-Denis, where fully formed Gothic architectural style may have first appeared, adapted what he thought was St. Denis' concept of divine luminosity in designing the new abbey church with walls composed of stained-glass windows

Question 36

rib vaulting

Answer 36

diagonal and transverse ribs compose structural skeleton that partially supports the masonry web between them

Question 37

flying buttresses

Answer 37

an arched bridge above the aisle roof that extends from the upper nave wall, where the lateral thrust of the main vault is greatest, down to a solid pier

Question 38

stained glass

Answer 38

glass stained with color while molten, using metallic oxides, most often used in windows, for which small pieces of different colors are precisely cut and assembled into a design

Question 39

rose window

Answer 39

round window, often filled with stained glass set into tracery patterns in the form of wheel spokes, found in the facades of the naves and transepts of large Gothic churches

Question 40

lancet

Answer 40

tall, narrow window crowned by a sharply pointed arch, typically found in Gothic architecture

Question 41

transept

Answer 41

the arm of a cruciform church perpendicular to the nave

Question 42

triforium

Answer 42

element of the interior elevation of a church found directly below the clerestory and consisting of a series of arched openings in front of a passageway within the thickness of the wall

Question 43

polychromy

Answer 43

multicolored decoration applied to any part of a building, sculpture, or piece of furniture

Question 44

St. Francis of Assisi

Answer 44

son of wealthy merchant, founder of the Franciscans, religious order that espoused an ideal of poverty, charity, and love, and dedicated themselves to teaching and preaching while living among the urban poor

Question 45

buon fresco

Answer 45

fresco painting technique in which alkaline-resistant pigments, ground in water, are applied to wet plaster

Question 46

panel painting

Answer 46

any painting executed on a wood support, usually planed to provide a smooth surface