Exam 3

Question 1

Plant spores are
single-celled haploid
structures that
develop into

Answer 1

gametophytes

Question 2

Seeds are
multicellular
structures that
develop into mature

Answer 2

sporophytes

Question 3

Most seedless vascular plants
are homosporous
– Produce ONE type of spore 
hermaphroditic gametophyte

Answer 3

Heterospory

Question 4

sporophyte is dominant
Independent
Longer lived
Larger
* Branching
More reproductive structures
* More spores
Survival following herbivory

Answer 4

Vascular plant

Question 5

What are the vascular seedless plants

Answer 5

Seedless plants are lycophyta (club mosses), Psiotophyata( whisk ferns) , pteridophyta( ferns)
Equisetophyta (horsetails)

Question 6

Structures that produce spores
– Meiosis
* Cluster of sporangia called sori

Answer 6

Sporangia

Question 7

Arise from a spore
– Mitosis
* Independent
– Photosynthetic
– Rootlets
* Often contain both:
– Antheridia (produce sperm)
– Archegonia (produce eggs)

Answer 7

Gametophytes

Question 8

Vascular naked seeds

Answer 8

Gymnosperms

Question 9

Seed plant characteristics

Answer 9

Continued reduction in size of gametophytes
Heterospory
Pollen
Ovules
Produce seed

Question 10

No antheridia in seed plants
* Microspores develop into pollen grains
* Pollen grain contains the male gametophyte
– Sperm produced from the male gametophyte
* Sperm do not swim (use water) to the egg

Answer 10

pollen

Question 11

Pollen travels long distances
* Wind
– All Gymnosperms
– Some Angiosperms
* Pollinator
– Many angiosperms
Objective: 28-14

Answer 11

Dispersal of pollen

Question 12

Contains 2 nuclei
* Pollen tube nucleus creates
tube
* Generative nucleus divides by
mitosis to create 2 sperm
- First sperm fertilizes egg
- Second sperm
- Dies in Gymnosperms
- Fertilizes the polar bodies in Angiosperms

Answer 12

Pollen structure

Question 13

Female structures before fertilization
* Contains
– Integuments (diploid)
– Megasporangium (diploid)
– Archegonium (haploid) – gymnosperms only
– Megaspore (haploid)
* Develops into the seed after fertilization
Objective: 28-14

Answer 13

Ovules

Question 14

What important role does lignin play in vascular plants?
A.It is the major component of the cuticle, which prevents plants from drying out.
B.It forms the outer layer of pollen grains.
C.It forms the tough, rigid cell walls of water-conducting cells.
D.It nourishes the embryo in seed plants.

Answer 14

C

Question 15

t/f: pollination is fertilization

Answer 15

false (it is not)

Question 16

One species - Ginkgo biloba
* A “living fossil”; probably no wild trees
* Cultivated in China during the 1000’s
* Superior disease & pollution resistance
* “Fleshy ovules” – smell like vomit
* West of Catt Hall

Answer 16

Phylum Ginkgophyta

Question 17

Among the most endangered plant groups in the world
* Combination of factors contribute
– Slow growing & takes a while to reproduce
– Habitat destruction
– Poaching for landscaping trade

Answer 17

Phylum Cycadophyta

Question 18

Many conifer species are shade
intolerant
– Need lots of light to grow
– Leads to overgrown forests
– No regeneration of canopy trees
* these forests need to be regenerated
by fire – leads to single age forests
* Many species have serotinous cones

Answer 18

Ecology of conifers

Question 19

Lumber
* Paper pulp
* Musical instruments
* Food source (pine nuts)
* Tannins - leather production
* Resins
– Turpentine, rosin, menthol, varnishes, perfumes
* Pharmaceuticals
– Taxol, an anti-cancer drug from the Pacific Yew
Juniper “berries”

Answer 19

importance of gymnosperms

Question 20

The appearance of cuticle and stomata correlated with what event in the evolution of green plants?
a.the first upright growth forms
b.the first woody tissues
c.growth on land
d.the evolution of the first water-conducting tissues

Answer 20

D

Question 21

What is a pollen grain?
a.male gametophyte
b.female gametophyte
c.male sporophyte
d.sperm

Answer 21

A

Question 22

most dominant plant group when dinosaurs were the dominant animals

Answer 22

gymnosperms

Question 23

the living plants that are most similar to the first plants to bear gametangia

Answer 23

bryophytes

Question 24

female gametophyte, embryo, and nutritive tissue

Answer 24

Seeds contain

Question 25

the appearance of cuticle and stomata correlated with what event in the evolution of land plants?

Answer 25

growth on land

Question 26

In moss, _____ produce sperm.

Answer 26

antheridia

Question 27

what do seeds contain?

Answer 27

female gametophyte, embryo, and nutritive tissue

Question 28

Liverworts, hornworts, and mosses are grouped together as Bryophytes. Besides not having vascular tissue, what do they all have in common?

Answer 28

They require water for reproduction

Question 29

angiosperms most closely related to

Answer 29

gymnosperms

Question 30

I am walking across campus and I see a mushroom in the grass. What can I infer? A This fungi produces flagellated spores , Not Selected B. A seed recently landed in the grass to form the mushroom , Not Selected Incorrect answer: C A spore recently landed in the grass to form the mushroom Correct Answer: The whole fungus is much bigger than that mushroom D The whole fungus is much bigger than that mushroom

Answer 30

D