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ANSC 2320 Principles of animal nutrition > Exam 3 > Flashcards

Exam 3 Flashcards

1
Q

Why are fat soluble vitamins more likely to be toxic than water soluble vitamins?

A

Fat soluble cannot be excreted in urine

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2
Q

4 fat soluble vitamins

A

K A D E

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3
Q

Night vision is the function of what vitamin?

A

Vitamin A

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4
Q

night blindness is the deficiency of what vitamin?

A

Vitamin A

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5
Q

calcium absorption is the function of what vitamin?

A

Vitamin D

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6
Q

Osteoporosis is the deficiency of what Vitamin

A

Vitamin D

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7
Q

Function of Vit E

A

antioxidants

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8
Q

White Muscle Disease (WMD) is the deficiency of what vitamin

A

Vitamin E

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9
Q

Blood Clotting is the function of what vitamin?

A

Vitamin K

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10
Q

hemorrhage is a symptom of deficiency in what vitimin?

A

Vitamin K

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11
Q

which type of animals do not require Vitamin K in their diets

A

ruminants

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12
Q

Which organ in the body stores lots of vitamins for later use

A

Liver

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13
Q

Metabolic process that requires thiamine as an enzyme cofactor

A

glycolysis

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14
Q

livestock disease associated with THIAMINE deficiency.

A

polio encephalomalacia

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15
Q

Pellagra is associated with what deficiency

A

niacin

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16
Q

molecule that contains panthothenic acid as a structural component

A

co enzyme a

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17
Q

goose stepping is a symptom of what deficiency in pigs?

A

panthothenic acid

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18
Q

transaminase is the group of enzymes that use _________ as a cofactor

A

B6 (pyridoxal phosphate)

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19
Q

pyridoxine deficiency symptom

A

seizures

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20
Q

which vitamin is needed to make niacin from the amino acid tryptophan

A

B6

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21
Q

which vitamin is needed to make arachidonic acid from linoleic acid

A

B6

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22
Q

3 D’s of Pellagra

A

Dermatitis
Diarrhea
Dementia

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23
Q

The protein that binds biotin and decreases its bioavailability

A

Avidin

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24
Q

2 biochemistry processes that involves biotin as an enzyme cofactor

A

glucogenesis
fatty acid synthesis

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25
Q

cracked hooves are a deficiency of what

A

biotin

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26
Q

folic acid is the synthetic form of

A

Folate

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27
Q

what type of chemical reaction does folate participate in

A

methylation

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28
Q

explain how folate deficiency can cause anemia

a shortage of ______prevents normal cell division of ________ this leads to _______than normal cells and ________cells

A

folate
red blood cells
larger
too few

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29
Q

b12 deficiency is associated with what health conditions

A

anemia

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30
Q

the liver is responsible for producing what

A

choline is produced by

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31
Q

Alzheimer’s is associated with what deficiency.

A

Choline

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32
Q

choline deficiency symptom in piglets

A

Spraddle Leg disease

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33
Q

can humans make Vit C in the liver

A

NO

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34
Q

Collagen production and antioxidant are functions associated with what vitamin?

A

vitamin C

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35
Q

Give 1 reason why Vitamin C can help aid in the immune system function

A

will protect white blood cells from destruction

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36
Q

Scurvy is the disease is associated with what deficiency?

A

Vitamin C

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37
Q

what 3 vitamins have antioxidants

A

A E C

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38
Q

Macro vs. micro minerals

A

Macro is needed in large amounts
Micro is needed in small amounts

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39
Q

muscle contraction and blood clotting are functions of what

A

Functions of calcium

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40
Q

milk fever is caused by what deficiency in livestock

A

calcium deficiency in livestock

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41
Q

which type of phosphorus cannot be absorbed by monogastric animals without commercial enzyme

A

phytate (phosphorus in corn)

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42
Q

component of bones and ATP are 2 functions of what mineral

A

Phosphorus

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43
Q

What is the name of the condition where animals lick and eat random animals

A

pica

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44
Q

kidney stones can occur if too much of what mineral is consumed?

A

phosphorus

45
Q

what does the sodium-potassium pump

A

pumps: 3 sodium outside the cell

pumps 2 potassium inside the cell

46
Q

how is sodium involved in muscle contractions

A

action potentials are the first step for muscle contractions

47
Q

why is chloride needed for normal stomach function

A

produce Hcl

48
Q

regulate blood pressure and acid base balance are two functions common to

A

sodium and chloride

49
Q

what feed ingredients are given to livestock animals to meet their sodium and chloride needs

A

Salts

50
Q

What vitamins are linked to anemia? Name at least 3 can just put numbers

A

Niacin (B3)
Folate
Vit. C (B9)

51
Q

List the 10 water-soluble vitamins (5 by name)

A

Thiamine (B1)
Riboflavin (B2)
Niacin (B3)
B4
B5
B6
Biotin (B7)
Folate (B9)
B12
C

52
Q

how is potassium involved in nervous system function

A

needed for action potentials

53
Q

how does excess intake of potassium affect magnesium absorption

A

decreases

54
Q

most abundant mineral in milk

A

potassium

55
Q

besides phosphorus which mineral is needed to make ATP biologically active

A

magnesium

56
Q

disease caused by magnesium deficiency in ruminants

A

grass tetany

57
Q

2 amino acids that contain sulfur in their structure

A

methionine
cystine

58
Q

symptom of sulfur deficiency

A

hair loss

59
Q

Describe in detail:
How excess intake of sulfur can cause polio encephalomalacia

A

1.) The dietary sulfur is converted into hydrogen sulfide gas (H2S) by bacteria
2.) These gases are eructated (burped out) by animal
3.) About half of the H2S is inhaled into their lungs and goes into blood
4.) The blood delivers H2S to brain to exert toxic effects
5.) The H2S inhibits a key enzyme in the electron transport chain (cytochrome oxidase)
6.) As a result, cells in the brain die from energy (ATP) depletion

60
Q

What is the most common reason for ruminants developing sulfur-induced polio?

A

Drinking ground water (high in sulfur)

61
Q

what is Hypokalemia

A

potassium deficiency

62
Q

Besides potassium, name 2 other minerals that help regulate osmotic pressure and pH of body fluids.

A

sodium
chloride

63
Q

what is the name of the iron containing protein that stores oxygen in muscle cells

A

myoglobin

64
Q

name the blood protein that transports absorbed iron to the bone marrow for red blood cell production
NOT HEMOGLOBIN

A

transferrin

65
Q

what disease is associated with iron deficiency

A

anemia

66
Q

what type of newborn animals are highly susceptible to anemia and require iron injections within the first 48 hours of life

A

piglets

67
Q

2 funtions of mangansese

A

antioxidants
production of cartilage

68
Q

how is manganese involved in blood clotting

A

cofactor for enzyme that makes clotting proteins

69
Q

symptom of manganese deficiency

A

twisted legs

70
Q

why is Zinc important for RNA synthesis and subsequently protein synthesis

A

cofactor for RNA polymerase

71
Q

symptom of zinc deficiency

A

hair loss

72
Q

mineral antagonistic to copper

A

zinc or iron

73
Q

what does the copper containing enzyme tyrosinase do

A

produces darker pigments

74
Q

lighter or abnormal coat color is a symptom of what deficiency

A

copper

75
Q

copper deficiency causes anemia in animals because

A

leads to less iron delivery to bone marrow

76
Q

difficulty breathing is toxicity symptom of

A

copper

77
Q

what species of livestock is most susceptible to copper toxicity

A

sheep

78
Q

three minerals that have antioxidant function

A

manganese
copper
zinc

79
Q

explain why zinc is needed for reproduction

A

antioxidants

80
Q

making thyroid hormones is a function of what mineral in the body?

A

iodine

81
Q

of the 2 thyroid hormones which is more biologically active

A

T3

82
Q

two things that thyroid hormone regulate

A

body temp
heart rate

83
Q

goiter is a symptom of what deficiency

A

iodine

84
Q

what does the selenium containing enzyme “Glutathione Peroxidase” do

A

antioxidant

85
Q

Why is selenium important for metabolism of thyroid hormones?

A

Cofactor for enzyme that converts T4 to T3

86
Q

White muscle disease is associated with what deficiency

A

selenium

87
Q

can excess intakes of selenium cause death

A

YES

88
Q

Activation of insulin is what mineral function?

A

Chromium

89
Q

diabetes is associated with diabetes

A

chromium

90
Q

removing toxins is the function of

A

molybdenum

91
Q

what mineral causes foot crystals (gout)

A

molybdenum

92
Q

what vitamin contains cobalt in its structure

A

B12
cynaocobalamin

93
Q

what is the main symptom of cobalt deficiency

A

anemia

94
Q

strengthening teeth and bones is the main function of what mineral

A

fluoride

95
Q

weak bones is the deficiency of what mineral

A

fluoride

96
Q

Name a region in New Mexico where Selenium toxicity can be an issue for grazing animals.

A

Northern NM

97
Q

Why would excess intake of molybdenum lead to a potential copper deficiency?

A

Antagonistic minerals

98
Q

minerals found in bones

A

fluoride
magnesium
calcium
phosphorus

99
Q

acid-base/ blood pressure regulating minerals

A

Magnesium
Chloride
Sodium
Potassium

100
Q

Name all the macro minerals

A

Calcium
Chloride
Magnesium
Phosphorus
Potassium
Sodium
Sulfur

101
Q

Name all the Micro-minerals

A

Chromium
Cobalt
Copper
Fluoride
Iodine
Iron
Manganese
Molybdenum
Selenium
Zinc

102
Q

Antioxidant minerals

A

Zinc
Copper
Manganese
Selenium

103
Q

anemia related minerals

A

Iron
Copper
Zinc
Cobalt

104
Q

vitamins and minerals responsible for muscle contraction

A

Potassium
Calcium
Sodium

105
Q

Which mineral is involved in the clotting of blood

A

manganese
Vitamin K

106
Q

Hair loss minerals

A

zinc
Sulfur

107
Q

Cracked hooves is a symptom of what vitamin and what mineral?

A

Vitamin B7
Sulphur

108
Q

weak bones is a symptom of what deficiency

A

Vitamin D
Fluoride

109
Q

white muscle disease is a deficiency in what

A

vitamin e
selenium

ANSC 2320 Principles of animal nutrition (1 decks)

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