Exam 3 Flashcards
(109 cards)
1
Q
Why are fat soluble vitamins more likely to be toxic than water soluble vitamins?
A
Fat soluble cannot be excreted in urine
2
Q
4 fat soluble vitamins
A
K A D E
3
Q
Night vision is the function of what vitamin?
A
Vitamin A
4
Q
night blindness is the deficiency of what vitamin?
A
Vitamin A
5
Q
calcium absorption is the function of what vitamin?
A
Vitamin D
6
Q
Osteoporosis is the deficiency of what Vitamin
A
Vitamin D
7
Q
Function of Vit E
A
antioxidants
8
Q
White Muscle Disease (WMD) is the deficiency of what vitamin
A
Vitamin E
9
Q
Blood Clotting is the function of what vitamin?
A
Vitamin K
10
Q
hemorrhage is a symptom of deficiency in what vitimin?
A
Vitamin K
11
Q
which type of animals do not require Vitamin K in their diets
A
ruminants
12
Q
Which organ in the body stores lots of vitamins for later use
A
Liver
13
Q
Metabolic process that requires thiamine as an enzyme cofactor
A
glycolysis
14
Q
livestock disease associated with THIAMINE deficiency.
A
polio encephalomalacia
15
Q
Pellagra is associated with what deficiency
A
niacin
16
Q
molecule that contains panthothenic acid as a structural component
A
co enzyme a
17
Q
goose stepping is a symptom of what deficiency in pigs?
A
panthothenic acid
18
Q
transaminase is the group of enzymes that use _________ as a cofactor
A
B6 (pyridoxal phosphate)
19
Q
pyridoxine deficiency symptom
A
seizures
20
Q
which vitamin is needed to make niacin from the amino acid tryptophan
A
B6
21
Q
which vitamin is needed to make arachidonic acid from linoleic acid
A
B6
22
Q
3 D’s of Pellagra
A
Dermatitis
Diarrhea
Dementia
23
Q
The protein that binds biotin and decreases its bioavailability
A
Avidin
24
Q
2 biochemistry processes that involves biotin as an enzyme cofactor
A
glucogenesis
fatty acid synthesis
25
cracked hooves are a deficiency of what
biotin
26
folic acid is the synthetic form of
Folate
27
what type of chemical reaction does folate participate in
methylation
28
explain how folate deficiency can cause anemia
a shortage of ______prevents normal cell division of ________ this leads to _______than normal cells and ________cells
folate
red blood cells
larger
too few
29
b12 deficiency is associated with what health conditions
anemia
30
the liver is responsible for producing what
choline is produced by
31
Alzheimer's is associated with what deficiency.
Choline
32
choline deficiency symptom in piglets
Spraddle Leg disease
33
can humans make Vit C in the liver
NO
34
Collagen production and antioxidant are functions associated with what vitamin?
vitamin C
35
Give 1 reason why Vitamin C can help aid in the immune system function
will protect white blood cells from destruction
36
Scurvy is the disease is associated with what deficiency?
Vitamin C
37
what 3 vitamins have antioxidants
A E C
38
Macro vs. micro minerals
Macro is needed in large amounts
Micro is needed in small amounts
39
muscle contraction and blood clotting are functions of what
Functions of calcium
40
milk fever is caused by what deficiency in livestock
calcium deficiency in livestock
41
which type of phosphorus cannot be absorbed by monogastric animals without commercial enzyme
phytate (phosphorus in corn)
42
component of bones and ATP are 2 functions of what mineral
Phosphorus
43
What is the name of the condition where animals lick and eat random animals
pica
44
kidney stones can occur if too much of what mineral is consumed?
phosphorus
45
what does the sodium-potassium pump
pumps: 3 sodium outside the cell
pumps 2 potassium inside the cell
46
how is sodium involved in muscle contractions
action potentials are the first step for muscle contractions
47
why is chloride needed for normal stomach function
produce Hcl
48
regulate blood pressure and acid base balance are two functions common to
sodium and chloride
49
what feed ingredients are given to livestock animals to meet their sodium and chloride needs
Salts
50
What vitamins are linked to anemia? Name at least 3 can just put numbers
Niacin (B3)
Folate
Vit. C (B9)
51
List the 10 water-soluble vitamins (5 by name)
Thiamine (B1)
Riboflavin (B2)
Niacin (B3)
B4
B5
B6
Biotin (B7)
Folate (B9)
B12
C
52
how is potassium involved in nervous system function
needed for action potentials
53
how does excess intake of potassium affect magnesium absorption
decreases
54
most abundant mineral in milk
potassium
55
besides phosphorus which mineral is needed to make ATP biologically active
magnesium
56
disease caused by magnesium deficiency in ruminants
grass tetany
57
2 amino acids that contain sulfur in their structure
methionine
cystine
58
symptom of sulfur deficiency
hair loss
59
Describe in detail:
How excess intake of sulfur can cause polio encephalomalacia
1.) The dietary sulfur is converted into hydrogen sulfide gas (H2S) by bacteria
2.) These gases are eructated (burped out) by animal
3.) About half of the H2S is inhaled into their lungs and goes into blood
4.) The blood delivers H2S to brain to exert toxic effects
5.) The H2S inhibits a key enzyme in the electron transport chain (cytochrome oxidase)
6.) As a result, cells in the brain die from energy (ATP) depletion
60
What is the most common reason for ruminants developing sulfur-induced polio?
Drinking ground water (high in sulfur)
61
what is Hypokalemia
potassium deficiency
62
Besides potassium, name 2 other minerals that help regulate osmotic pressure and pH of body fluids.
sodium
chloride
63
what is the name of the iron containing protein that stores oxygen in muscle cells
myoglobin
64
name the blood protein that transports absorbed iron to the bone marrow for red blood cell production
NOT HEMOGLOBIN
transferrin
65
what disease is associated with iron deficiency
anemia
66
what type of newborn animals are highly susceptible to anemia and require iron injections within the first 48 hours of life
piglets
67
2 funtions of mangansese
antioxidants
production of cartilage
68
how is manganese involved in blood clotting
cofactor for enzyme that makes clotting proteins
69
symptom of manganese deficiency
twisted legs
70
why is Zinc important for RNA synthesis and subsequently protein synthesis
cofactor for RNA polymerase
71
symptom of zinc deficiency
hair loss
72
mineral antagonistic to copper
zinc or iron
73
what does the copper containing enzyme tyrosinase do
produces darker pigments
74
lighter or abnormal coat color is a symptom of what deficiency
copper
75
copper deficiency causes anemia in animals because
leads to less iron delivery to bone marrow
76
difficulty breathing is toxicity symptom of
copper
77
what species of livestock is most susceptible to copper toxicity
sheep
78
three minerals that have antioxidant function
manganese
copper
zinc
79
explain why zinc is needed for reproduction
antioxidants
80
making thyroid hormones is a function of what mineral in the body?
iodine
81
of the 2 thyroid hormones which is more biologically active
T3
82
two things that thyroid hormone regulate
body temp
heart rate
83
goiter is a symptom of what deficiency
iodine
84
what does the selenium containing enzyme "Glutathione Peroxidase" do
antioxidant
85
Why is selenium important for metabolism of thyroid hormones?
Cofactor for enzyme that converts T4 to T3
86
White muscle disease is associated with what deficiency
selenium
87
can excess intakes of selenium cause death
YES
88
Activation of insulin is what mineral function?
Chromium
89
diabetes is associated with diabetes
chromium
90
removing toxins is the function of
molybdenum
91
what mineral causes foot crystals (gout)
molybdenum
92
what vitamin contains cobalt in its structure
B12
cynaocobalamin
93
what is the main symptom of cobalt deficiency
anemia
94
strengthening teeth and bones is the main function of what mineral
fluoride
95
weak bones is the deficiency of what mineral
fluoride
96
Name a region in New Mexico where Selenium toxicity can be an issue for grazing animals.
Northern NM
97
Why would excess intake of molybdenum lead to a potential copper deficiency?
Antagonistic minerals
98
minerals found in bones
fluoride
magnesium
calcium
phosphorus
99
acid-base/ blood pressure regulating minerals
Magnesium
Chloride
Sodium
Potassium
100
Name all the macro minerals
Calcium
Chloride
Magnesium
Phosphorus
Potassium
Sodium
Sulfur
101
Name all the Micro-minerals
Chromium
Cobalt
Copper
Fluoride
Iodine
Iron
Manganese
Molybdenum
Selenium
Zinc
102
Antioxidant minerals
Zinc
Copper
Manganese
Selenium
103
anemia related minerals
Iron
Copper
Zinc
Cobalt
104
vitamins and minerals responsible for muscle contraction
Potassium
Calcium
Sodium
105
Which mineral is involved in the clotting of blood
manganese
Vitamin K
106
Hair loss minerals
zinc
Sulfur
107
Cracked hooves is a symptom of what vitamin and what mineral?
Vitamin B7
Sulphur
108
weak bones is a symptom of what deficiency
Vitamin D
Fluoride
109
white muscle disease is a deficiency in what
vitamin e
selenium
