exam 3

Question 1

anaerobic

Answer 1

only grows in the absence of oxygen

Question 2

photoautotroph

Answer 2

produces energy using sunlight

Question 3

aerobic

Answer 3

requires oxygen to grow

Question 4

facultative

Answer 4

survives best at low oxygen

Question 5

chemoautotroph

Answer 5

obtains its energy through chemicals

Question 6

pathogenic

Answer 6

causes disease

Question 7

gram-positive bacteria have

Answer 7

a cell membrane and a thick cell wall

Question 8

gram-negative bacteria have

Answer 8

a cell membrane, a thin cell wall, and an outer phospholipid membrane

Question 9

when bacteria undergo cell division, they are clones of their patent cell. true or false?

Answer 9

true

Question 10

what are two key differences between prokaryotes and eukaryotes

Answer 10

prokaryotes are always unicellular, while eukaryotes are often multi-celled organisms. eukaryotes also carry DNA in the nucleus while prokaryotes carry DNA in the nucleoid

Question 11

media that prevents the growth of some type of microorganisms and permits the growth of others is said to be

Answer 11

selective

Question 12

media that allows you to tell whether or not a colony has a particular property is called

Answer 12

differential

Question 13

nutrient agar

Answer 13

contains all nutrients necessary for growth

Question 14

eosin methylene blue

Answer 14

eosin, methylene blue
inhibits gram positive growth

Question 15

blood agar

Answer 15

contains sheep’s blood
any kind of bacteria can grow

Question 16

elongated, rod-shaped bacteria are called

Answer 16

bacilli

Question 17

streptococcus

Answer 17

line of circular organisms

Question 18

diplococcus

Answer 18

two circular organisms

Question 19

coccus

Answer 19

one circular organism

Question 20

streptobacilli

Answer 20

line of cylinder organisms

Question 21

what is a differential agar that allows detection of hemolysis

Answer 21

blood

Question 22

what is a non-selective and non-differential agar on which all non-fastidious microorganisms can grow

Answer 22

nutrient

Question 23

what is a selective agar that only grows gram-negative bacteria and is differential for lactose fermentation

Answer 23

eosin methylene blue

Question 24

alpha-hemolysis

Answer 24

green

Question 25

beta-hemolysis

Answer 25

colorless ring

Question 26

gamma-hemolysis

Answer 26

red (no change)

Question 27

if no peptide bonds are present in a solution, the solution mixed with biuret reagent will appear

Answer 27

blue

Question 28

if starch is present is a solution, the solution will turn what color when lugol's solution is added

Answer 28

black

Question 29

benedicts solution is used to detect the presence of this nutrient

Answer 29

sugar

Question 30

biuret solution is used to detect the presence of this nutrient

Answer 30

proteins

Question 31

lugol's solution is used to detect the presence of this nutrient

Answer 31

starch

Question 32

phenol red is used to detect digestion of triglycerides. why?

Answer 32

production of hydrogen ions changes the color

Question 33

protein

Answer 33

amino acids

Question 34

starch

Answer 34

glucose

Question 35

lipids

Answer 35

fatty acids

Question 36

at which pH does pepsin from the stomach work best

Answer 36

2.0

Question 37

at which pH does lipase from pancreatic juice work best

Answer 37

7.0

Question 38

pH

Answer 38

protein

Question 39

substrate amount

Answer 39

lipid

Question 40

glucose

Answer 40

temperture

Question 41

starch

Answer 41

time

Question 42

MacConkey

Answer 42

contains bile salts and crystal violet dye inhibits gram positive growth contains neutral red pH indicators low pH - red high pH - yellow

Question 43

is the nutrient agar selective or differential

Answer 43

neither

Question 44

is the MacConkey agar selective or differential

Answer 44

both selective: inhibits gram positive growth differential: ability to ferment lactose

Question 45

is the EMB agar selective or differential

Answer 45

both selective: inhibits gram positive growth differential: ability to ferment lactose

Question 46

is the blood agar selective or differential

Answer 46

non-selective differential: identify organisms that have hemolytic activity

Question 47

what grows on the nutrient agar

Answer 47

bacteria, yeast, mold

Question 48

what grows on the MacConkey agar

Answer 48

gram negative bacteria pink/red: able to ferment lactose white/colorless/golden: unable to ferment lactose

Question 49

what grows on the EMB agar

Answer 49

gram negative bacteria metallic green: e. coli pink/purple/black: able to ferment lactose colorless: unable to ferment lactose

Question 50

what grows on the blood agar

Answer 50

colony surrounded by green color: alpha hemolysis (incomplete lysis and digestion) colony surrounded by white/clear: beta hemolysis (lysis/digestion) Agar under/around colony is unchanged: gamma hemolysis (no hemolysis)

Question 51

prokaryotes

Answer 51

archaea and bacteria

Question 52

eukaryotes

Answer 52

eukarya

Question 53

colony

Answer 53

visible cluster of identical bacteria that grew from one original bacterium

Question 54

lawn

Answer 54

a dense covering of bacteria on a plate due to the colonies growing into each other

Question 55

turbid

Answer 55

liquid broth that is cloudy due to bacterial growth

Question 56

casein

Answer 56

protein found in milk

Question 57

pepsin

Answer 57

secreted by the stomach as inactive pepsinogen and is then cleaved into its active form