Exam 3 Flashcards by Ian Harker

Definition of Ecchymosis

medical term for bruise - discoloration of the skin caused by internal bleeding

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Definition of Edema

excess of watery fluid in cavities in your body

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Definition of Effusion

abnormal amount of fluid flowing into a cavity from rupture or exudation - (the slow transfer of liquids between membranes)

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Definition of Muscle Guarding

Body’s mechanism to protect area of an injury through stiffness, soreness, and bracing the area.

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Definition of Subluxation

Temporary dislocation of a limb. Painful

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Definition of Joint Laxity

Hypermobility of a joint

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The head of the femur is covered in which type of cartilage?

Articular Cartilage - (cartilage for all joints)

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The ligamentum teres attaches to which area of the head of the femur?

fovea capitis femoris

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Medial Border of Inguinal Triangle

lateral border of rectus abdominus muscle

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Lateral Border of Inguinal Triangle

Inferior Epigastric muscles

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Inferior Border of Inguinal Triangle

Inguinal Ligament

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Definition for femoroacetabular impingement

the femoral head doesn’t fit into the socket properly

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What does HIPS stand for?

history, inspection, palpation, special tests

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definition of contralateral motion

opposite limbs are moving the same direction

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What is the name of this fibrocartilage rim around the acetabulum?

Labrum

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Location of Arcuate Spine

directly inferior to the iliac fossa and the iliacus muscle

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definition of arthritis

inflammation of the joints

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location of iliac crest

superior border of the wing of ilium

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Function of the acetabular labrum

improve joint stability

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Which ligament helps stabilize the hip in extension?

ischiofemoral ligament

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What is the acetabular labrum made of?

Fibrocartilage

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What type of joint is the hip?

Ball and socket

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Where is the labrum located in the hip joint?

acetabulum

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Your patient is a 35 year old male with low back pain. Upon observing his posture from the side view you observe that he stands in a position of excessive anterior pelvic tilt. Most likely he also has a ________ lordosis and his joints are _____.

increased; flexed

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First stage of inflammation

Vascular

What are the 2 places that we have articular cartilage in the hip joint?

Head of the femur and acetabulum

What is femoral anteversion and who is it more common in?

Femur is twisted too far medially and is more common in children

Femoral Anteversion is more common in boys or girls?

Girls

Femoral Retroversion?

Femoral Neck is rotated backwards

How long does the acute inflammation stage last for?

Usually numbered in days (2-4)

Wolff's law is concerned with?

The thickness and shape of a bone being dependent on stresses placed upon it.

The mandible is ---- to the atlas

The IT band gets swollen from what?

Tendon rubbing on femur and tibia

What are the conditions of inflammatory response?

redness, swelling, heat, pain, and loss of tissue function

Autoimmune disease is when:

Your immune system fails to distinguish itself from pathogens and it starts killing itself

What is the function of the head of the femur

Limit abduction

What part of the pelvis do we sit on?

Ischial tuberosity

What are the signs of inflammation?

Heat, redness, and pain

Which ligament prevents excessive abduction of the femur

Pubofemoral ligament

When the knees curve outwards when the feet touch?

Genu Varum

What is a sign of posterior-pelvic tilt?

Rolled-forward shoulders

Which ligament helps to maintain an upright posture

Iliofemoral ligament

What causes anterior pelvic tilt?

Excessive belly weight, shortening of the hip flexors, and prolonged sitting

What is the name of the INTRA-capsular ligament of the hip?

Ligament of the head of the femur (ligamentum teres)

What is erythema?

Reddening of the skin

SI joint dysfunction is characterized by pain while:

Sitting

Fibrous connective tissue that binds damaged tissue in response to inflammation?

Scar tissue

Anterior pelvic tilt results in tight ---- muscles and weak ----

hip flexor, abs

Posterior pelvic tilt results in tight --- muscles and weak ---

hamstring and ab, hip flexors

the loss of the medial longitudinal arch of the foot

pes planus

Thoracic curve is considered a ----- curve and is termed ----

Kyphotic, primary

Connections of the inguinal ligament

Anterior superior iliac spine - Pubic Tubercle

What happens during the regeneration phase?

Body produces collagen, repairs damaged tissue, and initiates scar tissue

The Femoral Lymph is found where?

Hesselbach's triangle

Where is the inguinal triangle located?

lower, anterior abdominal wall

The Y ligament of Bigelow is also known as?

The Iliofemoral ligament

What are the EXTRA-capsular ligaments of the hip?

Ischiofemoral, iliofemoral, Pubofemoral

What are the three elements of Hemostasis?

Platelets, fibrin, thrombin

Hypertonic

Having a greater degree of tone, tension

Strongest ligament in the body

Iliofemoral ligament

What is hemostasis?

immediate response to plug the blood vessels to prevent flow

What is arthritis?

Inflammation of the joints

Function of the ligamentum teres

Support pubofemoral ligament in limiting abduction and stabilizes the hip in a squatting position

stages of inflammation

Acute, sub-acute, and chronic

Acute Stage

Inflammation (lasts 2-4 days) - includes neutrophil arrival and macrophage activation

Sub-Acute

Regeneration (lasts 6-weeks to 3-months) - includes rebuilding of wound with new collagen and fibroblasts initiate scar tissue

Chronic

Remodeling (Takes up to a year post injury) - collagen is replaced with type 3 collagen (scar tissue) and the amounts of connective tissue and capillaries are reduced.

Function of the iliofemoral ligament?

prevents excessive extension and maintains upright posture at the hip

What is the weakest ligament of the hip?

Ischiofemoral ligament

Function of the ischiofemoral ligament?

Winds tightly to limit hip extension

Function of the pubofemoral ligament?

Prevents excessive abduction of the femur and limits extension

Inguinal Ligament attachments

Pubic Tubercle to the Anterior Superior Iliac Spine

Medical use for inguinal ligament

Reference area for the deep ring (common site for hernia's)

Hesselbach's Triangle Contents (NAVY)

-Femoral Nerve -Femoral Artery -Femoral Vein -Femoral canal-Lymph

What causes Labrum tears?

Femoracetabular Impingement and Osteoarthritis

What does the Fitzgerald's Test test for?

Labrum tears

IT Band Syndrome

-irritation from rubbing against your hip and knee - tendon runs from pelvis to tibia -pronates your foot - causes hip abductor weakness - internal tibia torsion (medial rotation of tibia) - Genu Varum

Sacroiliac Joint Function

Transfers forces and load from the spine to the legs

Sacroiliac Join Dysfunction

- Pain felt below L5 and Posterior Superior Iliac Spine - Pain will be felt going upstairs and while sitting on the affected side

What does the Faber's Test test for?

SI Joint Dysfunction

Exam 3 Flashcards

(81 cards)